Evidence-based effects and studies
Detailed analysis of research findings
Eight-week co-supplementation with vitamin D and magnesium in vitamin-D–insufficient children with ADHD improved several mental health/behavioral scores (emotional, peer problems, internalizing, total difficulties) vs placebo.
Eight-week co-supplementation with vitamin D and magnesium in vitamin-D–insufficient children with ADHD improved several mental health/behavioral scores (emotional, peer problems, internalizing, total difficulties) vs placebo.
Eight-week co-supplementation with vitamin D and magnesium in vitamin-D–insufficient children with ADHD improved several mental health/behavioral scores (emotional, peer problems, internalizing, total difficulties) vs placebo.
In ~112 evaluable adults with episodic migraine, 3 months of a supplement (600 mg magnesium plus riboflavin and Q10) reduced maximal pain intensity and HIT-6 headache impact versus placebo; reduction in migraine days was not statistically significant.
In ~112 evaluable adults with episodic migraine, 3 months of a supplement (600 mg magnesium plus riboflavin and Q10) reduced maximal pain intensity and HIT-6 headache impact versus placebo; reduction in migraine days was not statistically significant.
In ~112 evaluable adults with episodic migraine, 3 months of a supplement (600 mg magnesium plus riboflavin and Q10) reduced maximal pain intensity and HIT-6 headache impact versus placebo; reduction in migraine days was not statistically significant.
In 100 chronically stressed but otherwise healthy adults, 28 days of Mg-Teadiola (magnesium plus B vitamins, rhodiola, green tea/L‑theanine) produced a clinically meaningful ~3‑point greater reduction in DASS-42 stress score versus placebo and reduced cold pain sensitivity.
In 100 chronically stressed but otherwise healthy adults, 28 days of Mg-Teadiola (magnesium plus B vitamins, rhodiola, green tea/L‑theanine) produced a clinically meaningful ~3‑point greater reduction in DASS-42 stress score versus placebo and reduced cold pain sensitivity.
In 100 chronically stressed but otherwise healthy adults, 28 days of Mg-Teadiola (magnesium plus B vitamins, rhodiola, green tea/L‑theanine) produced a clinically meaningful ~3‑point greater reduction in DASS-42 stress score versus placebo and reduced cold pain sensitivity.
Healthy adults took a magnesium L‑threonate + phosphatidylserine formula for 30 days and showed significant improvements in multiple memory and cognitive test scores vs placebo.
In 75 patients with restless legs syndrome, two months of oral magnesium (plus standard pramipexole) reduced symptom severity and improved sleep quality more than control (pramipexole plus placebo).
In 75 patients with restless legs syndrome, two months of oral magnesium (plus standard pramipexole) reduced symptom severity and improved sleep quality more than control (pramipexole plus placebo).
In 1,521 pregnant women, higher dietary magnesium intake was positively associated with better mental well-being after adjustment for confounders.
Older adults with poor sleep took 320 mg/day magnesium or placebo for 7 weeks; magnesium improved magnesium status and reduced inflammation in those with high CRP.
Older adults with poor sleep took 320 mg/day magnesium or placebo for 7 weeks; magnesium improved magnesium status and reduced inflammation in those with high CRP.
Older adults with poor sleep took 320 mg/day magnesium or placebo for 7 weeks; magnesium improved magnesium status and reduced inflammation in those with high CRP.
Small randomized dietary trial in women with fibromyalgia found that a Mediterranean diet enriched with tryptophan and magnesium modestly improved anxiety, depression, fatigue and some mood/eating measures but did not change sleep quality.
A two-week randomized trial of a multi-ingredient supplement (contains magnesium) did not improve overall sleep quality versus placebo; small transient improvements in some secondary measures were observed.
Large randomized trial in diabetic patients found that magnesium (and magnesium+potassium) supplementation reduced insomnia severity and altered sleep hormones (lower cortisol, higher melatonin) compared with placebo.
Randomized controlled trial where IV magnesium during robotic prostatectomy reduced perioperative blood pressure rises, lowered cortisol, decreased opioid use, and reduced early postoperative pain.
Large randomized trial in diabetic patients found that magnesium (and magnesium+potassium) supplementation reduced insomnia severity and altered sleep hormones (lower cortisol, higher melatonin) compared with placebo.
Large randomized trial in diabetic patients found that magnesium (and magnesium+potassium) supplementation reduced insomnia severity and altered sleep hormones (lower cortisol, higher melatonin) compared with placebo.
In CKD patients, oral magnesium raised plasma magnesium but did not slow coronary artery calcification and had more serious adverse events.
In healthy male volunteers, magnesium supplementation during prolonged reduced movement (hypokinesia) was associated with larger decreases in muscle magnesium and increased plasma and excreted magnesium compared with controls.
In 62 healthy adults, high phosphorus (1000 mg/day) with differing calcium (0, 500, 1000 mg/day) altered mineral handling: fasting plasma phosphate unchanged, high P without Ca reduced renal calcium excretion and disturbed calcium balance, while calcium supplementation mitigated negative effects; transient FGF23 rise at 4 weeks and modest decreases in some bone turnover markers with Ca supplementation.
During surgery plasma magnesium fell; low magnesium levels were associated with prolongation of some atracurium recovery phases.
In CKD patients, oral magnesium raised plasma magnesium but did not slow coronary artery calcification and had more serious adverse events.
In CKD patients, oral magnesium raised plasma magnesium but did not slow coronary artery calcification and had more serious adverse events.
In a metabolomics subset of a randomized trial, magnesium treatment substantially reduced circulating imidazole propionate (a microbially produced metabolite linked to insulin resistance) compared with placebo.
In a metabolomics subset of a randomized trial, magnesium treatment substantially reduced circulating imidazole propionate (a microbially produced metabolite linked to insulin resistance) compared with placebo.
In a metabolomics subset of a randomized trial, magnesium treatment substantially reduced circulating imidazole propionate (a microbially produced metabolite linked to insulin resistance) compared with placebo.
In children with refractory acute asthma, nebulized magnesium added to albuterol did not significantly reduce 24‑hour hospitalization rates or improve clinical measures versus placebo.
In children with refractory acute asthma, nebulized magnesium added to albuterol did not significantly reduce 24‑hour hospitalization rates or improve clinical measures versus placebo.
In children with refractory acute asthma, nebulized magnesium added to albuterol did not significantly reduce 24‑hour hospitalization rates or improve clinical measures versus placebo.
In patients with metabolic syndrome, 12 weeks of 400 mg oral magnesium raised ionized magnesium, lowered blood pressure and IL-6, and increased serum vitamin D levels.
In patients with metabolic syndrome, 12 weeks of 400 mg oral magnesium raised ionized magnesium, lowered blood pressure and IL-6, and increased serum vitamin D levels.
Four weeks of oral magnesium increased urinary magnesium and lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and improved some lipid markers compared with placebo.
In patients with metabolic syndrome, 12 weeks of 400 mg oral magnesium raised ionized magnesium, lowered blood pressure and IL-6, and increased serum vitamin D levels.
In patients with metabolic syndrome, 12 weeks of 400 mg oral magnesium raised ionized magnesium, lowered blood pressure and IL-6, and increased serum vitamin D levels.
Doubling magnesium intake for 28 days increased urinary and erythrocyte magnesium but did not change serum minerals, bone turnover markers, or blood pressure in healthy young women.
A low-sodium diet in pregnancy reduced magnesium intake but maternal magnesium homeostasis was maintained via reduced urinary excretion.
In EDTA chelation-treated patients, urinary magnesium excretion decreased (indicating magnesium retention) while blood lead fell substantially.
One-year calcium supplementation in lactating Gambian women did not change urinary magnesium excretion or iron/zinc blood markers.
A 2-week application of 56 mg/day transdermal magnesium cream produced a non-significant serum Mg rise overall and a significant serum Mg increase in non-athlete subgroup.
In type 2 diabetics with normal magnesium, 360 mg Mg daily for 3 months raised urinary Mg but did not improve blood sugar or insulin sensitivity.
Oral magnesium reduced distress from pregnancy-related leg cramps compared with placebo over 3 weeks.
In controlled metabolic-balance studies of adolescent girls, blacks excreted less urinary magnesium than whites and magnesium retention was higher on a low-sodium diet.
In middle-aged adults with low urinary magnesium, mineral water high in magnesium (and other minerals) increased urinary magnesium excretion and reduced blood pressure (notably with multi-mineral water C).
Adding magnesium to the bypass prime kept magnesium levels during surgery and reduced potassium loss after surgery in children.
Four weeks of oral magnesium increased urinary magnesium and lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and improved some lipid markers compared with placebo.
Randomized double-blind crossover trial in 85 women testing magnesium vs sorbitol placebo for premenstrual symptoms; sorbitol unexpectedly reduced symptoms.
In women with PCOS, 8 weeks of magnesium plus melatonin reduced hirsutism more and increased total antioxidant capacity and reduced TNF-α (melatonin and combo) versus baseline.
Magnesium plus vitamin E for 12 weeks reduced hirsutism and inflammation markers and increased nitric oxide and antioxidant capacity in women with PCOS.
In women with PCOS, 8 weeks of magnesium plus melatonin reduced hirsutism more and increased total antioxidant capacity and reduced TNF-α (melatonin and combo) versus baseline.
In women with PCOS, 8 weeks of magnesium plus melatonin reduced hirsutism more and increased total antioxidant capacity and reduced TNF-α (melatonin and combo) versus baseline.
Magnesium plus vitamin E for 12 weeks reduced hirsutism and inflammation markers and increased nitric oxide and antioxidant capacity in women with PCOS.
Single-assessor–blinded RCT (40 completers) comparing a magnesium-alginate suspension to omeprazole: both treatments similarly reduced LPR symptoms and laryngoscopic signs after 2 months.
Single-assessor–blinded RCT (40 completers) comparing a magnesium-alginate suspension to omeprazole: both treatments similarly reduced LPR symptoms and laryngoscopic signs after 2 months.
Randomized trial in patients with alcohol withdrawal: IV magnesium (alone or with thiamine) raised serum Mg, led to more consistent plasma lactate normalization and faster initial resolution of withdrawal scores compared with thiamine alone; ETKA did not improve overall.
In pooled T2D trial patients, dapagliflozin increased serum magnesium modestly and a higher proportion of patients corrected baseline hypomagnesemia versus placebo over 24 weeks.
Randomized double-blind trial in carotid endarterectomy patients: high‑dose IV magnesium raised serum Mg but did not increase need for vasopressor support.
Oral magnesium reduced distress from pregnancy-related leg cramps compared with placebo over 3 weeks.
Case–control study comparing serum minerals between newly diagnosed hemifacial spasm patients and healthy volunteers; reported significant differences in serum calcium, phosphate and magnesium between groups.
Oral magnesium (300 mg/day) in hospitalized moderate COVID-19 patients increased serum magnesium, improved oxygenation, reduced need for oxygen therapy, and improved quality of life and depression scores compared with placebo.
Newborns with severe birth asphyxia received IV magnesium sulphate; serum Mg rose into a neuroprotective range with no significant adverse effects on vital signs.
In 100 cardiac surgery patients, perioperative IV magnesium raised serum Mg and substantially reduced ventricular tachyarrhythmias and early CK-MB release.
IV magnesium sulphate 64 mmol/day achieved target serum magnesium (1.0-2.0 mmol/L) in most SAH patients with few discontinuations due to side effects.
In patients receiving large-volume IV fluids during anesthesia, magnesium-free fluids diluted serum Mg2+; adding magnesium to fluids prevented the serum decrease, with serum Mg unchanged at 2.0 mmol·L⁻¹ supplementation.
In 264 stressed adults with suboptimal magnesemia, 8 weeks of magnesium (with or without vitamin B6) markedly reduced anxiety and depression scores and improved mental quality-of-life domains.
In 264 stressed adults with suboptimal magnesemia, 8 weeks of magnesium (with or without vitamin B6) markedly reduced anxiety and depression scores and improved mental quality-of-life domains.
In 264 stressed adults with suboptimal magnesemia, 8 weeks of magnesium (with or without vitamin B6) markedly reduced anxiety and depression scores and improved mental quality-of-life domains.
Women with PCOS took 250 mg magnesium oxide daily for 10 weeks; magnesium improved multiple components of quality of life versus placebo but effects on acne, alopecia and AUB were inconclusive.
Women with PCOS took 250 mg magnesium oxide daily for 10 weeks; magnesium improved multiple components of quality of life versus placebo but effects on acne, alopecia and AUB were inconclusive.
Women with PCOS took 250 mg magnesium oxide daily for 10 weeks; magnesium improved multiple components of quality of life versus placebo but effects on acne, alopecia and AUB were inconclusive.
Exploratory analysis found higher serum magnesium (in magnesium-treated patients) associated with less hematoma expansion and less early neurological deterioration after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Ancillary analysis of FAST-MAG found intravenous magnesium sulfate given early after stroke did not reduce hematoma expansion or improve 90-day functional outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Exploratory analysis found higher serum magnesium (in magnesium-treated patients) associated with less hematoma expansion and less early neurological deterioration after intracerebral hemorrhage.
In women with T2DM and CHD, 12-week combined magnesium and zinc supplementation modestly improved fasting glucose, insulin, HDL, inflammatory marker CRP, antioxidant markers, and depression/anxiety scores versus placebo.
In women with gestational diabetes, 6 weeks of magnesium+vitamin E improved fasting glucose, insulin resistance measures and several lipid parameters compared with placebo.
250 mg/day magnesium oxide for 6 weeks in women with GDM decreased fasting glucose and modulated insulin/lipid‑related gene expression in PBMCs.
In women with T2DM and CHD, 12-week combined magnesium and zinc supplementation modestly improved fasting glucose, insulin, HDL, inflammatory marker CRP, antioxidant markers, and depression/anxiety scores versus placebo.
In women with T2DM and CHD, 12-week combined magnesium and zinc supplementation modestly improved fasting glucose, insulin, HDL, inflammatory marker CRP, antioxidant markers, and depression/anxiety scores versus placebo.
In 30 head-and-neck cancer patients randomized to IV magnesium preloading (16 mEq) vs standard saline, magnesium markedly reduced subacute cisplatin-associated kidney disease (AKD) and prevented rises in creatinine and falls in eGFR without reducing chemotherapy efficacy.
In 30 head-and-neck cancer patients randomized to IV magnesium preloading (16 mEq) vs standard saline, magnesium markedly reduced subacute cisplatin-associated kidney disease (AKD) and prevented rises in creatinine and falls in eGFR without reducing chemotherapy efficacy.
In 30 head-and-neck cancer patients randomized to IV magnesium preloading (16 mEq) vs standard saline, magnesium markedly reduced subacute cisplatin-associated kidney disease (AKD) and prevented rises in creatinine and falls in eGFR without reducing chemotherapy efficacy.
In people with long-COVID, magnesium plus vitamin D led to much larger reductions in depression scores and higher remission rates than vitamin D alone.
In people with long-COVID, magnesium plus vitamin D led to much larger reductions in depression scores and higher remission rates than vitamin D alone.
In 52 laboring patients, adding 50 mg intrathecal magnesium to fentanyl prolonged median spinal analgesia duration from 60 to 75 minutes without increased side effects.
In adults with impaired glucose tolerance, 12 weeks of deep-seawater magnesium (350 mg/day) improved measures of insulin sensitivity but did not change 2‑hour glucose or HbA1c.
Higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) over 12 months in non-diabetic adults with metabolic syndrome.
Adding a single nebulized magnesium dose to standard bronchodilator and steroid therapy for moderate/severe pediatric asthma raised blood Mg but did not significantly shorten time to medical readiness for discharge.
Adding a single nebulized magnesium dose to standard bronchodilator and steroid therapy for moderate/severe pediatric asthma raised blood Mg but did not significantly shorten time to medical readiness for discharge.
In children hospitalized for sickle cell pain crisis, intravenous magnesium added to standard care did not shorten hospital length of stay, reduce opioid use, or improve quality of life.
In children hospitalized for sickle cell pain crisis, intravenous magnesium added to standard care did not shorten hospital length of stay, reduce opioid use, or improve quality of life.
In children hospitalized for sickle cell pain crisis, intravenous magnesium added to standard care did not shorten hospital length of stay, reduce opioid use, or improve quality of life.
Randomized ICU trial comparing high vs low citrate dose during CVVH and measured calcium/magnesium balance and PTH/vitamin D over 24 h.
Randomized ICU trial comparing high vs low citrate dose during CVVH and measured calcium/magnesium balance and PTH/vitamin D over 24 h.
Long-term use of potassium-and-magnesium-enriched salt improved the likelihood of good neurological recovery at 6 months compared with regular salt.
Open-label RCT in hypomagnesemic kidney transplant recipients: oral magnesium oxide supplementation did not improve insulin secretion or glycemic control over 6 months.
Open-label RCT in hypomagnesemic kidney transplant recipients: oral magnesium oxide supplementation did not improve insulin secretion or glycemic control over 6 months.
Double-blind RCT in older adults with nocturnal leg cramps: 5 days of IV magnesium sulfate did not significantly reduce weekly cramp frequency vs placebo.
In healthy first-time pregnant women, daily 400 mg oral magnesium did not prevent blood pressure increases versus placebo; gestational length was slightly longer in the magnesium group.
In healthy first-time pregnant women, daily 400 mg oral magnesium did not prevent blood pressure increases versus placebo; gestational length was slightly longer in the magnesium group.
In healthy first-time pregnant women, daily 400 mg oral magnesium did not prevent blood pressure increases versus placebo; gestational length was slightly longer in the magnesium group.
In a randomized clinical trial of migraine patients, oral magnesium (500 mg/day) reduced migraine frequency, days and severity over 12 weeks compared with control/other arms when analysed accounting for confounders.
In a randomized clinical trial of migraine patients, oral magnesium (500 mg/day) reduced migraine frequency, days and severity over 12 weeks compared with control/other arms when analysed accounting for confounders.
In a randomized clinical trial of migraine patients, oral magnesium (500 mg/day) reduced migraine frequency, days and severity over 12 weeks compared with control/other arms when analysed accounting for confounders.
Daily magnesium (350 mg) for 24 weeks reduced arterial stiffness (pulse-wave velocity) in overweight/obese adults without changing blood pressure.
Healthy adults took a magnesium L‑threonate + phosphatidylserine formula for 30 days and showed significant improvements in multiple memory and cognitive test scores vs placebo.
74 overweight middle-aged women received 250 mg Mg/day or placebo for 8 weeks; small within-group changes occurred but no significant benefits versus placebo.
Small randomized dietary trial in women with fibromyalgia found that a Mediterranean diet enriched with tryptophan and magnesium modestly improved anxiety, depression, fatigue and some mood/eating measures but did not change sleep quality.
Small randomized dietary trial in women with fibromyalgia found that a Mediterranean diet enriched with tryptophan and magnesium modestly improved anxiety, depression, fatigue and some mood/eating measures but did not change sleep quality.
Combined magnesium + vitamin D increased serum 25OHD more than vitamin D alone over 12 weeks, with no significant changes in PTH or inflammatory markers.
Combined magnesium + vitamin D increased serum 25OHD more than vitamin D alone over 12 weeks, with no significant changes in PTH or inflammatory markers.
Combined magnesium + vitamin D increased serum 25OHD more than vitamin D alone over 12 weeks, with no significant changes in PTH or inflammatory markers.
In migraine patients, oral magnesium alone reduced attacks versus baseline but was less effective than valproate; adding magnesium to low‑dose valproate improved several outcomes compared with valproate alone.
In migraine patients, oral magnesium alone reduced attacks versus baseline but was less effective than valproate; adding magnesium to low‑dose valproate improved several outcomes compared with valproate alone.
In migraine patients, oral magnesium alone reduced attacks versus baseline but was less effective than valproate; adding magnesium to low‑dose valproate improved several outcomes compared with valproate alone.
In adults with low serum magnesium and elevated stress, both magnesium alone and magnesium+vitamin B6 reduced perceived stress substantially; the combination showed greater benefit in those with severe/extremely severe stress.
In adults with low serum magnesium and elevated stress, both magnesium alone and magnesium+vitamin B6 reduced perceived stress substantially; the combination showed greater benefit in those with severe/extremely severe stress.
In adults with low serum magnesium and elevated stress, both magnesium alone and magnesium+vitamin B6 reduced perceived stress substantially; the combination showed greater benefit in those with severe/extremely severe stress.
In 40 completers (newly diagnosed T2D), daily oral magnesium (250 mg elemental/day) for 3 months significantly improved HbA1c, fasting insulin, C‑peptide, HOMA‑IR and HOMA‑β% versus controls and produced a small increase in serum magnesium.
In type 2 diabetics with normal magnesium, 360 mg Mg daily for 3 months raised urinary Mg but did not improve blood sugar or insulin sensitivity.
In 40 completers (newly diagnosed T2D), daily oral magnesium (250 mg elemental/day) for 3 months significantly improved HbA1c, fasting insulin, C‑peptide, HOMA‑IR and HOMA‑β% versus controls and produced a small increase in serum magnesium.
In adults with impaired glucose tolerance, 12 weeks of deep-seawater magnesium (350 mg/day) improved measures of insulin sensitivity but did not change 2‑hour glucose or HbA1c.
In 40 completers (newly diagnosed T2D), daily oral magnesium (250 mg elemental/day) for 3 months significantly improved HbA1c, fasting insulin, C‑peptide, HOMA‑IR and HOMA‑β% versus controls and produced a small increase in serum magnesium.
In adults with impaired glucose tolerance, 12 weeks of deep-seawater magnesium (350 mg/day) improved measures of insulin sensitivity but did not change 2‑hour glucose or HbA1c.
In 40 completers (newly diagnosed T2D), daily oral magnesium (250 mg elemental/day) for 3 months significantly improved HbA1c, fasting insulin, C‑peptide, HOMA‑IR and HOMA‑β% versus controls and produced a small increase in serum magnesium.
In 40 completers (newly diagnosed T2D), daily oral magnesium (250 mg elemental/day) for 3 months significantly improved HbA1c, fasting insulin, C‑peptide, HOMA‑IR and HOMA‑β% versus controls and produced a small increase in serum magnesium.
Multicenter randomized pilot trial (n=105) testing IV calcium and magnesium correction vs placebo in acute ICH to assess safety, serum level correction, hematoma expansion, and 30‑day outcome.
In pediatric cancer patients receiving cisplatin, magnesium supplementation did not significantly reduce the proportion of chemotherapy courses with increased serum creatinine; supplemented courses had higher serum Mg without reported Mg-related adverse events.
In hypertensive patients, IV magnesium (with or without lidocaine) was tested to reduce the blood-pressure spike from intubation.
Daily magnesium (350 mg) for 24 weeks reduced arterial stiffness (pulse-wave velocity) in overweight/obese adults without changing blood pressure.
Younger adults on a 1975-style Japanese diet for 28 days showed improved lipid parameters and an increase in serum magnesium versus a modern diet.
Systemic magnesium infusion did not reduce immediate post-tonsillectomy pain or PACU opioid use in children, though treated children had higher serum magnesium levels at surgery end.
Randomized double-blind trial of 400 mg/day magnesium oxide for 12 weeks increased serum magnesium modestly and showed small, non-significant changes in multiple circulating proteins after multiple-comparison correction.
Potassium‑magnesium citrate corrected thiazide-induced low potassium; higher doses modestly increased serum magnesium and urinary magnesium and dose-dependently raised urinary pH and citrate.
In hemodialysis patients, oral magnesium carbonate for 6 months effectively reduced serum phosphate similar to calcium carbonate, produced lower serum calcium and was generally well tolerated with few cases of hypermagnesemia when combined with low-dialysate magnesium.
In glucose-intolerant adults, 12 weeks of pioglitazone (30 mg/day) significantly increased serum magnesium compared with lifestyle intervention.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, combined choline+magnesium supplementation improved markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction more than either alone or placebo.
Compared normal vs low dialysate magnesium in hemodialysis; changing dialysate Mg did not significantly alter QTc dispersion.
500 mg magnesium oxide daily for 8 weeks in depressed patients improved depression scores and serum magnesium but did not change BDNF.
In healthy volunteers on thiazides, potassium-magnesium citrate formulations corrected hypokalemia; two formulations modestly raised serum magnesium and urinary pH/citrate more than the third.
In heart failure patients, oral magnesium raised serum and intracellular Mg and substantially lowered CRP after 5 weeks compared with untreated patients.
Twelve-week magnesium supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers increased serum magnesium and improved ulcer size, glycemic control, inflammation, and antioxidant capacity compared with placebo.
Cross-sectional study of 90 healthy adults found higher drinking-water magnesium and serum Mg associated with lower diastolic BP and relationships with lipids and glucose indices.
Perioperative magnesium infusion raised serum magnesium and reduced post-CABG atrial fibrillation incidence in non-diabetic patients.
In elderly type 2 diabetics with hypomagnesemia, oral magnesium chloride was as effective as imipramine for depression score improvement and raised serum magnesium markedly.
Study of 28 patients receiving IL-2 therapy showing serum and urinary magnesium fell while lymphocyte magnesium per cell increased during treatment.
Intraoperative IV magnesium raised serum magnesium and reduced clot firmness on ROTEM, indicating reduced postoperative hypercoagulability.
A small randomized pilot found degradable magnesium alloy screws produced clinical and radiographic outcomes equivalent to titanium screws at 6 months.
Perioperative IV magnesium increased serum magnesium but did not raise CSF magnesium or reduce postoperative analgesic use or pain after hysterectomy.
In term neonates with perinatal asphyxia, postnatal magnesium sulfate infusion improved short-term neurological outcomes at discharge versus placebo.
In borderline hypertensive adults, switching from low to high dietary sodium changed serum electrolytes and renal filtration but did not alter blood pressure.
Infants fed an amino-acid formula maintained normal blood phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium after 16 weeks, including those on acid-suppressive drugs.
In volunteers on thiazide, potassium-magnesium-citrate prevented magnesium depletion and maintained potassium better than potassium chloride.
In hemodialysis patients, a magnesium-containing phosphate binder raised serum magnesium and was associated with more radiographic improvements and a non-significant trend toward less progression of arterial calcifications.
Multicenter randomized pilot trial (n=105) testing IV calcium and magnesium correction vs placebo in acute ICH to assess safety, serum level correction, hematoma expansion, and 30‑day outcome.
Multicenter randomized pilot trial (n=105) testing IV calcium and magnesium correction vs placebo in acute ICH to assess safety, serum level correction, hematoma expansion, and 30‑day outcome.
In pediatric cancer patients receiving cisplatin, magnesium supplementation did not significantly reduce the proportion of chemotherapy courses with increased serum creatinine; supplemented courses had higher serum Mg without reported Mg-related adverse events.
In fibromyalgia patients, a 3-month combined supplement (CoQ10, tryptophan, magnesium) improved overall impact, sleep quality and functional impact but fatigue did not improve more than placebo.
In fibromyalgia patients, a 3-month combined supplement (CoQ10, tryptophan, magnesium) improved overall impact, sleep quality and functional impact but fatigue did not improve more than placebo.
In fibromyalgia patients, a 3-month combined supplement (CoQ10, tryptophan, magnesium) improved overall impact, sleep quality and functional impact but fatigue did not improve more than placebo.
In a 2-month trial, combined vitamin B12 + magnesium plus high-intensity interval training reduced CGRP levels and improved migraine disability, frequency, intensity and duration more than other groups.
In a 2-month trial, combined vitamin B12 + magnesium plus high-intensity interval training reduced CGRP levels and improved migraine disability, frequency, intensity and duration more than other groups.
Healthy men ingested lactulose with calcium and magnesium tracers; urinary isotope ratios showed increased mineral absorption with lactulose.
Compared liposomal vs standard multivitamin; magnesium blood levels showed no difference after ingestion.
In 26 adolescent girls, increasing dietary calcium did not alter magnesium absorption, excretion, or overall magnesium balance over 14 days.
Daily magnesium (450 mg) for 16 weeks did not improve asthma control outcomes compared with placebo.
Study of 28 patients receiving IL-2 therapy showing serum and urinary magnesium fell while lymphocyte magnesium per cell increased during treatment.
Different potassium- and magnesium-containing supplements were given to kidney stone patients for one month and urine markers of stone risk were measured.
Randomized trial in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion: perioperative magnesium infusion produced no reduction in opioid requirements or pain scores compared with remifentanil alone.
Randomized trial in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion: perioperative magnesium infusion produced no reduction in opioid requirements or pain scores compared with remifentanil alone.
Randomized trial in professional volleyball players: 4 weeks of magnesium (350 mg/day) improved some anaerobic performance measures and reduced lactate, despite participants not being magnesium-deficient.
Randomized trial in professional volleyball players: 4 weeks of magnesium (350 mg/day) improved some anaerobic performance measures and reduced lactate, despite participants not being magnesium-deficient.
Randomized trial in professional volleyball players: 4 weeks of magnesium (350 mg/day) improved some anaerobic performance measures and reduced lactate, despite participants not being magnesium-deficient.
Pre-IVF serum Ca and Mg (expressed as Ca/Mg ratio) were analyzed: a higher baseline Ca/Mg ratio was associated with higher biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates and higher (trend) live birth rates.
Pre-IVF serum Ca and Mg (expressed as Ca/Mg ratio) were analyzed: a higher baseline Ca/Mg ratio was associated with higher biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates and higher (trend) live birth rates.
Pre-IVF serum Ca and Mg (expressed as Ca/Mg ratio) were analyzed: a higher baseline Ca/Mg ratio was associated with higher biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates and higher (trend) live birth rates.
In hypertensive patients, IV magnesium (with or without lidocaine) was tested to reduce the blood-pressure spike from intubation.
In hemodialysis patients, oral magnesium reduced carotid artery thickness but did not improve flow-mediated dilation or CRP.
In hemodialysis patients, oral magnesium reduced carotid artery thickness but did not improve flow-mediated dilation or CRP.
Combined zinc, magnesium and chromium supplementation did not change metabolic syndrome components but lowered serum C-reactive protein.
In hemodialysis patients, oral magnesium reduced carotid artery thickness but did not improve flow-mediated dilation or CRP.
In this randomized placebo-controlled trial of oral magnesium in stable COPD, magnesium supplementation was associated with lower CRP at 6 months but no clear respiratory or functional benefits.
Spa therapy using mineral water (containing calcium, magnesium, fluorides) plus mud packs improved hand pain, function and reduced symptomatic drug use versus usual care, with effects lasting months.
Spa therapy using mineral water (containing calcium, magnesium, fluorides) plus mud packs improved hand pain, function and reduced symptomatic drug use versus usual care, with effects lasting months.
Spa therapy using mineral water (containing calcium, magnesium, fluorides) plus mud packs improved hand pain, function and reduced symptomatic drug use versus usual care, with effects lasting months.
Younger adults on a 1975-style Japanese diet for 28 days showed improved lipid parameters and an increase in serum magnesium versus a modern diet.
12-month randomized double-blind trial in 28 type 1 diabetics found no group differences in kidney function or most lipids; three treated patients had triglyceride increases.
In 96 hypertensive patients, changes in serum magnesium and the Ca/Mg ratio during ACE inhibitor therapy were associated with changes in insulin sensitivity and triglycerides.
Younger adults on a 1975-style Japanese diet for 28 days showed improved lipid parameters and an increase in serum magnesium versus a modern diet.
Higher serum magnesium was associated with lower overall, cardiovascular, and sudden death risk in European hemodialysis patients.
Higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in adults at high cardiovascular risk.
Higher serum magnesium was associated with lower overall, cardiovascular, and sudden death risk in European hemodialysis patients.
Higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in adults at high cardiovascular risk.
Higher serum magnesium was associated with lower overall, cardiovascular, and sudden death risk in European hemodialysis patients.
Higher serum magnesium was associated with lower overall, cardiovascular, and sudden death risk in European hemodialysis patients.
Six‑month oral magnesium improved bronchial reactivity, PEFR, asthma control and quality of life versus placebo.
Six‑month oral magnesium improved bronchial reactivity, PEFR, asthma control and quality of life versus placebo.
Six‑month oral magnesium improved bronchial reactivity, PEFR, asthma control and quality of life versus placebo.
Combined zinc, magnesium and chromium supplementation did not change metabolic syndrome components but lowered serum C-reactive protein.
Intraoperative magnesium infusion reduced intraoperative opioid use and early postoperative pain scores but did not significantly improve overall recovery score or long-term chronic pain compared with control.
Intraoperative magnesium infusion reduced intraoperative opioid use and early postoperative pain scores but did not significantly improve overall recovery score or long-term chronic pain compared with control.
Intraoperative magnesium infusion reduced intraoperative opioid use and early postoperative pain scores but did not significantly improve overall recovery score or long-term chronic pain compared with control.
In women with gestational diabetes, 6 weeks of magnesium+vitamin E improved fasting glucose, insulin resistance measures and several lipid parameters compared with placebo.
In women with gestational diabetes, 6 weeks of magnesium+vitamin E improved fasting glucose, insulin resistance measures and several lipid parameters compared with placebo.
Randomized double-blind trial of 400 mg/day magnesium oxide for 12 weeks increased serum magnesium modestly and showed small, non-significant changes in multiple circulating proteins after multiple-comparison correction.
Randomized double-blind trial of 400 mg/day magnesium oxide for 12 weeks increased serum magnesium modestly and showed small, non-significant changes in multiple circulating proteins after multiple-comparison correction.
Co-administering magnesium with oral tramadol did not change tramadol or O-desmethyltramadol pharmacokinetics or safety in healthy volunteers.
Co-administering magnesium with oral tramadol did not change tramadol or O-desmethyltramadol pharmacokinetics or safety in healthy volunteers.
Co-administering magnesium with oral tramadol did not change tramadol or O-desmethyltramadol pharmacokinetics or safety in healthy volunteers.
Oral magnesium (given from admission to discharge) reduced postoperative hypomagnesemia and was associated with fewer atrial fibrillation episodes and fewer gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery.
Oral magnesium (given from admission to discharge) reduced postoperative hypomagnesemia and was associated with fewer atrial fibrillation episodes and fewer gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery.
A single intraoperative dose of magnesium did not reduce postoperative atrial fibrillation after off-pump CABG.
Oral magnesium (given from admission to discharge) reduced postoperative hypomagnesemia and was associated with fewer atrial fibrillation episodes and fewer gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery.
Potassium‑magnesium citrate corrected thiazide-induced low potassium; higher doses modestly increased serum magnesium and urinary magnesium and dose-dependently raised urinary pH and citrate.
In healthy volunteers on thiazides, potassium-magnesium citrate formulations corrected hypokalemia; two formulations modestly raised serum magnesium and urinary pH/citrate more than the third.
In 26 adolescent girls, increasing dietary calcium did not alter magnesium absorption, excretion, or overall magnesium balance over 14 days.
Oral magnesium (426.6 mg/day) given up to 15 days did not significantly reduce alcohol withdrawal severity compared with placebo.
Oral magnesium (426.6 mg/day) given up to 15 days did not significantly reduce alcohol withdrawal severity compared with placebo.
Oral magnesium (426.6 mg/day) given up to 15 days did not significantly reduce alcohol withdrawal severity compared with placebo.
Single IV dose magnesium sulfate (4 g) given after induction did not reduce postoperative pain or analgesic use but lowered incidence of postoperative shivering.
Single IV dose magnesium sulfate (4 g) given after induction did not reduce postoperative pain or analgesic use but lowered incidence of postoperative shivering.
In hemodialysis patients, oral magnesium carbonate for 6 months effectively reduced serum phosphate similar to calcium carbonate, produced lower serum calcium and was generally well tolerated with few cases of hypermagnesemia when combined with low-dialysate magnesium.
In hemodialysis patients, 12 weeks of magnesium carbonate reduced phosphate and parathormone and improved calcium-phosphate balance.
In 21 postmenopausal women, high-calcium drinks reduced bone resorption markers; adding magnesium produced no distinguishable additional effect.
In hemodialysis patients, oral magnesium carbonate for 6 months effectively reduced serum phosphate similar to calcium carbonate, produced lower serum calcium and was generally well tolerated with few cases of hypermagnesemia when combined with low-dialysate magnesium.
Infants fed an amino-acid formula maintained normal blood phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium after 16 weeks, including those on acid-suppressive drugs.
In kidney transplant recipients, lower serum magnesium during the first year was independently associated with higher risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM); higher tacrolimus levels were linked to lower magnesium.
In kidney transplant recipients, lower serum magnesium during the first year was independently associated with higher risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM); higher tacrolimus levels were linked to lower magnesium.
In kidney transplant recipients, lower serum magnesium during the first year was independently associated with higher risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM); higher tacrolimus levels were linked to lower magnesium.
In healthy adults, one month of oral magnesium oxide (higher elemental dose) increased intracellular magnesium and lowered total and LDL cholesterol more than magnesium citrate; both reduced epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation.
In healthy adults, one month of oral magnesium oxide (higher elemental dose) increased intracellular magnesium and lowered total and LDL cholesterol more than magnesium citrate; both reduced epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation.
In healthy adults, one month of oral magnesium oxide (higher elemental dose) increased intracellular magnesium and lowered total and LDL cholesterol more than magnesium citrate; both reduced epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation.
Protocol for a 24-week randomized trial testing oral magnesium citrate (350 mg/day) ± a phosphate binder versus placebo in stage 3–4 CKD to evaluate arterial stiffness and calcification markers.
Protocol for a 24-week randomized trial testing oral magnesium citrate (350 mg/day) ± a phosphate binder versus placebo in stage 3–4 CKD to evaluate arterial stiffness and calcification markers.
Protocol for a 24-week randomized trial testing oral magnesium citrate (350 mg/day) ± a phosphate binder versus placebo in stage 3–4 CKD to evaluate arterial stiffness and calcification markers.
Randomized controlled trial where IV magnesium during robotic prostatectomy reduced perioperative blood pressure rises, lowered cortisol, decreased opioid use, and reduced early postoperative pain.
Adding magnesium to the bypass prime kept magnesium levels during surgery and reduced potassium loss after surgery in children.
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial (30 magnesium, 10 placebo) in migraine without aura showing reduced attack frequency, severity, and electrophysiologic measures after 3 months of oral magnesium citrate 600 mg/day.
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial (30 magnesium, 10 placebo) in migraine without aura showing reduced attack frequency, severity, and electrophysiologic measures after 3 months of oral magnesium citrate 600 mg/day.
In adolescents, lower serum magnesium was associated with higher cardiometabolic risk and with metabolic syndrome; magnesium appeared protective against metabolic syndrome.
In adolescents, lower serum magnesium was associated with higher cardiometabolic risk and with metabolic syndrome; magnesium appeared protective against metabolic syndrome.
In adolescents, lower serum magnesium was associated with higher cardiometabolic risk and with metabolic syndrome; magnesium appeared protective against metabolic syndrome.
In non-diabetic individuals with hypomagnesemia, oral MgCl2 improved beta-cell compensatory function versus placebo over 3 months.
Compared normal vs low dialysate magnesium in hemodialysis; changing dialysate Mg did not significantly alter QTc dispersion.
500 mg magnesium oxide daily for 8 weeks in depressed patients improved depression scores and serum magnesium but did not change BDNF.
In children, hydroxyapatite toothpastes (containing magnesium‑substituted HAp among other components) increased plaque pH and reduced cariogenic bacteria over the trial.
In children, hydroxyapatite toothpastes (containing magnesium‑substituted HAp among other components) increased plaque pH and reduced cariogenic bacteria over the trial.
Magnesium deficiency frequency in paediatric coeliac patients without malabsorption was similar to controls and appeared diet-related.
Magnesium deficiency frequency in paediatric coeliac patients without malabsorption was similar to controls and appeared diet-related.
Magnesium deficiency frequency in paediatric coeliac patients without malabsorption was similar to controls and appeared diet-related.
In type 2 diabetics, combined minerals + vitamins (including Mg+Zn) for 3 months lowered systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure; Mg+Zn alone did not.
Replacing regular salt in processed foods with a mineral salt high in potassium and magnesium reduced sodium intake and lowered blood pressure over 8 weeks.
Cross-sectional study of 90 healthy adults found higher drinking-water magnesium and serum Mg associated with lower diastolic BP and relationships with lipids and glucose indices.
Combination mineral supplementation (including magnesium) produced small and generally non-significant changes in blood pressure in patients with mild/borderline hypertension.
In hypertensive type II diabetics, replacing salt with a substitute containing potassium and magnesium significantly reduced systolic blood pressure after 3 months versus regular salt.
In normotensive women with low habitual mineral intake, magnesium supplementation (336 mg/d) did not produce significant reductions in 24-hour ambulatory systolic or diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo.
Magnesium treatment lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure more than methyldopa in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Replacing regular salt in processed foods with a mineral salt high in potassium and magnesium reduced sodium intake and lowered blood pressure over 8 weeks.
In heart failure patients, oral magnesium raised serum and intracellular Mg and substantially lowered CRP after 5 weeks compared with untreated patients.
Two weeks of magnesium-creatine supplementation increased intracellular water and improved quadriceps peak torque and power in humans.
Two weeks of magnesium-creatine supplementation increased intracellular water and improved quadriceps peak torque and power in humans.
Two weeks of magnesium-creatine supplementation increased intracellular water and improved quadriceps peak torque and power in humans.
In SAH patients randomized to magnesium vs placebo, magnesium was associated with lower ionized calcium but calcitriol/PTH were not affected; PTH linked to poor outcome in a subgroup.
In SAH patients randomized to magnesium vs placebo, magnesium was associated with lower ionized calcium but calcitriol/PTH were not affected; PTH linked to poor outcome in a subgroup.
In SAH patients randomized to magnesium vs placebo, magnesium was associated with lower ionized calcium but calcitriol/PTH were not affected; PTH linked to poor outcome in a subgroup.
Different potassium- and magnesium-containing supplements were given to kidney stone patients for one month and urine markers of stone risk were measured.
Patients with diabetic foot ulcers received magnesium plus vitamin E or placebo for 12 weeks; ulcer size and many metabolic/inflammatory markers improved with supplementation.
Magnesium plus vitamin E for 12 weeks reduced hirsutism and inflammation markers and increased nitric oxide and antioxidant capacity in women with PCOS.
Twelve-week magnesium supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers increased serum magnesium and improved ulcer size, glycemic control, inflammation, and antioxidant capacity compared with placebo.
Twelve-week magnesium supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers increased serum magnesium and improved ulcer size, glycemic control, inflammation, and antioxidant capacity compared with placebo.
In patients with haemoglobin SC disease, oral magnesium showed no measurable hematologic benefit over placebo in this small phase II trial.
In patients with haemoglobin SC disease, oral magnesium showed no measurable hematologic benefit over placebo in this small phase II trial.
In patients with haemoglobin SC disease, oral magnesium showed no measurable hematologic benefit over placebo in this small phase II trial.
Four months of oral magnesium (360 mg elemental) increased leukocyte TRPM6 mRNA expression in adults with new pre-hypertension; TRPM7 and SLC41A1 were unchanged.
Four months of oral magnesium (360 mg elemental) increased leukocyte TRPM6 mRNA expression in adults with new pre-hypertension; TRPM7 and SLC41A1 were unchanged.
Four months of oral magnesium (360 mg elemental) increased leukocyte TRPM6 mRNA expression in adults with new pre-hypertension; TRPM7 and SLC41A1 were unchanged.
An open-label randomized trial of a supplement containing calcium, magnesium, and lactulose produced a small but statistically significant reduction in whole-body fat mass at 12 months (difference −0.8 kg), though contribution of magnesium alone was unclear.
An open-label randomized trial of a supplement containing calcium, magnesium, and lactulose produced a small but statistically significant reduction in whole-body fat mass at 12 months (difference −0.8 kg), though contribution of magnesium alone was unclear.
Spinal anaesthesia reduced CSF total and ionized magnesium by ~10%; intravenous magnesium infusion raised serum magnesium but did not alter CSF magnesium concentrations.
Spinal anaesthesia reduced CSF total and ionized magnesium by ~10%; intravenous magnesium infusion raised serum magnesium but did not alter CSF magnesium concentrations.
Twelve weeks of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation in women with PCOS reduced hirsutism and some inflammation/oxidative stress markers and increased antioxidant capacity.
Twelve weeks of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation in women with PCOS reduced hirsutism and some inflammation/oxidative stress markers and increased antioxidant capacity.
Twelve weeks of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation in women with PCOS reduced hirsutism and some inflammation/oxidative stress markers and increased antioxidant capacity.
Randomized trial in patients with alcohol withdrawal: IV magnesium (alone or with thiamine) raised serum Mg, led to more consistent plasma lactate normalization and faster initial resolution of withdrawal scores compared with thiamine alone; ETKA did not improve overall.
Randomized trial in patients with alcohol withdrawal: IV magnesium (alone or with thiamine) raised serum Mg, led to more consistent plasma lactate normalization and faster initial resolution of withdrawal scores compared with thiamine alone; ETKA did not improve overall.
In a large phase III RCT, peri-infusion intravenous calcium and magnesium did not reduce cumulative oxaliplatin-induced sensory neurotoxicity or acute neuropathy compared with placebo.
In a large phase III RCT, peri-infusion intravenous calcium and magnesium did not reduce cumulative oxaliplatin-induced sensory neurotoxicity or acute neuropathy compared with placebo.
In hypertensive patients, IV magnesium (with or without lidocaine) was tested to reduce the blood-pressure spike from intubation.
Infants of diabetic mothers with low cord magnesium received IM magnesium at birth; magnesium did not significantly reduce hypocalcemia incidence at 72 hours.
Infants of diabetic mothers with low cord magnesium received IM magnesium at birth; magnesium did not significantly reduce hypocalcemia incidence at 72 hours.
Infants of diabetic mothers with low cord magnesium received IM magnesium at birth; magnesium did not significantly reduce hypocalcemia incidence at 72 hours.
Postnatal magnesium sulfate given to term neonates with severe asphyxia improved short-term neurologic outcomes at discharge compared with placebo.
Postnatal magnesium sulfate given to term neonates with severe asphyxia improved short-term neurologic outcomes at discharge compared with placebo.
Postnatal magnesium sulfate given to term neonates with severe asphyxia improved short-term neurologic outcomes at discharge compared with placebo.
Systemic magnesium infusion did not reduce immediate post-tonsillectomy pain or PACU opioid use in children, though treated children had higher serum magnesium levels at surgery end.
Systemic magnesium infusion did not reduce immediate post-tonsillectomy pain or PACU opioid use in children, though treated children had higher serum magnesium levels at surgery end.
A preoperative magnesium lozenge reduced incidence and severity of immediate postoperative sore throat compared with placebo.
A preoperative magnesium lozenge reduced incidence and severity of immediate postoperative sore throat compared with placebo.
A preoperative magnesium lozenge reduced incidence and severity of immediate postoperative sore throat compared with placebo.
Perioperative IV magnesium infusion reduced postoperative pain and improved quality of recovery scores after septorhinoplasty.
Perioperative IV magnesium infusion reduced postoperative pain and improved quality of recovery scores after septorhinoplasty.
IV magnesium during thyroidectomy at the studied dose did not significantly improve overall postoperative recovery (QoR-40).
Perioperative IV magnesium improved 24‑hour quality of recovery and reduced post-discharge oral opioid use after outpatient segmental mastectomy.
One-month oral magnesium versus placebo in neuropathic pain: no significant difference vs placebo on pain scores or quality of life, though some within-group improvements were seen.
One-month oral magnesium versus placebo in neuropathic pain: no significant difference vs placebo on pain scores or quality of life, though some within-group improvements were seen.
One-month oral magnesium versus placebo in neuropathic pain: no significant difference vs placebo on pain scores or quality of life, though some within-group improvements were seen.
In healthy male volunteers, magnesium supplementation during prolonged reduced movement (hypokinesia) was associated with larger decreases in muscle magnesium and increased plasma and excreted magnesium compared with controls.
Six weeks of magnesium supplementation did not change muscle magnesium content, strength, or mass compared with placebo; overall improvements were likely due to general care.
Ancillary analysis of FAST-MAG found intravenous magnesium sulfate given early after stroke did not reduce hematoma expansion or improve 90-day functional outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Magnesium sulfate given during labor raised fetal blood magnesium but did not change fetal inflammatory cytokine levels at delivery.
Magnesium sulfate given during labor raised fetal blood magnesium but did not change fetal inflammatory cytokine levels at delivery.
Magnesium sulfate given during labor raised fetal blood magnesium but did not change fetal inflammatory cytokine levels at delivery.
Magnesium sulfate given during labor raised fetal blood magnesium but did not change fetal inflammatory cytokine levels at delivery.
A two-week randomized trial of a multi-ingredient supplement (contains magnesium) did not improve overall sleep quality versus placebo; small transient improvements in some secondary measures were observed.
A two-week randomized trial of a multi-ingredient supplement (contains magnesium) did not improve overall sleep quality versus placebo; small transient improvements in some secondary measures were observed.
In type 2 diabetics with normal magnesium, 360 mg Mg daily for 3 months raised urinary Mg but did not improve blood sugar or insulin sensitivity.
Oral magnesium (382 mg elemental/day) for 16 weeks reduced metabolic syndrome prevalence and improved blood pressure and fasting glucose in people with MetS and low magnesium.
Daily 600 mg oral magnesium for 12 weeks reduced migraine attack frequency and decreased migraine days and symptomatic medication use.
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial (30 magnesium, 10 placebo) in migraine without aura showing reduced attack frequency, severity, and electrophysiologic measures after 3 months of oral magnesium citrate 600 mg/day.
Daily 600 mg oral magnesium for 12 weeks reduced migraine attack frequency and decreased migraine days and symptomatic medication use.
Daily 600 mg oral magnesium for 12 weeks reduced migraine attack frequency and decreased migraine days and symptomatic medication use.
Oral magnesium (382 mg elemental/day) for 16 weeks reduced metabolic syndrome prevalence and improved blood pressure and fasting glucose in people with MetS and low magnesium.
In type 2 diabetics, combined minerals + vitamins (including Mg+Zn) for 3 months lowered systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure; Mg+Zn alone did not.
Oral magnesium (382 mg elemental/day) for 16 weeks reduced metabolic syndrome prevalence and improved blood pressure and fasting glucose in people with MetS and low magnesium.
Replacing regular salt in processed foods with a mineral salt high in potassium and magnesium reduced sodium intake and lowered blood pressure over 8 weeks.
Combination mineral supplementation (including magnesium) produced small and generally non-significant changes in blood pressure in patients with mild/borderline hypertension.
In hypertensive type II diabetics, replacing salt with a substitute containing potassium and magnesium significantly reduced systolic blood pressure after 3 months versus regular salt.
In normotensive women with low habitual mineral intake, magnesium supplementation (336 mg/d) did not produce significant reductions in 24-hour ambulatory systolic or diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo.
Magnesium treatment lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure more than methyldopa in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
In 62 healthy adults, high phosphorus (1000 mg/day) with differing calcium (0, 500, 1000 mg/day) altered mineral handling: fasting plasma phosphate unchanged, high P without Ca reduced renal calcium excretion and disturbed calcium balance, while calcium supplementation mitigated negative effects; transient FGF23 rise at 4 weeks and modest decreases in some bone turnover markers with Ca supplementation.
Perioperative magnesium administration (1.5 g daily starting before bypass) significantly reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation incidence compared with control.
In 100 CABG patients, postoperative prophylaxis with bisoprolol plus magnesium reduced atrial fibrillation incidence and shortened hospital stay versus control.
Perioperative magnesium administration (1.5 g daily starting before bypass) significantly reduced postoperative atrial fibrillation incidence compared with control.
In STEMI patients, magnesium-based bioresorbable scaffolds had higher device-related event rates, mainly more target lesion revascularisations within the first year, compared with metallic sirolimus-eluting stents.
In STEMI patients, magnesium-based bioresorbable scaffolds had higher device-related event rates, mainly more target lesion revascularisations within the first year, compared with metallic sirolimus-eluting stents.
In adults with asthma undergoing a corticosteroid-reduction protocol, oral magnesium supplementation (450 mg/day) did not meaningfully reduce the inhaled corticosteroid dose required to maintain control compared with placebo.
Randomized controlled trial where IV magnesium during robotic prostatectomy reduced perioperative blood pressure rises, lowered cortisol, decreased opioid use, and reduced early postoperative pain.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, combined choline+magnesium supplementation improved markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction more than either alone or placebo.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, combined choline+magnesium supplementation improved markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction more than either alone or placebo.
Oral magnesium added to ibuprofen reduced pain at rest at 24 hours after wisdom-tooth surgery compared with placebo.
Oral magnesium added to ibuprofen reduced pain at rest at 24 hours after wisdom-tooth surgery compared with placebo.
500 mg magnesium oxide daily for 8 weeks in depressed patients improved depression scores and serum magnesium but did not change BDNF.
250 mg/day magnesium oxide for 6 weeks in women with GDM decreased fasting glucose and modulated insulin/lipid‑related gene expression in PBMCs.
250 mg/day magnesium oxide for 6 weeks in women with GDM decreased fasting glucose and modulated insulin/lipid‑related gene expression in PBMCs.
250 mg/day magnesium oxide for 6 weeks in women with GDM decreased fasting glucose and modulated insulin/lipid‑related gene expression in PBMCs.
Randomized double-blind trial in carotid endarterectomy patients: high‑dose IV magnesium raised serum Mg but did not increase need for vasopressor support.
Randomized double-blind trial in carotid endarterectomy patients: high‑dose IV magnesium raised serum Mg but did not increase need for vasopressor support.
Double-blind RCT of a multivitamin/mineral (includes magnesium) in healthy men found reduced anxiety and perceived stress versus placebo.
Pilot randomized trial testing hawthorn and magnesium (600 mg) found declines in blood pressure across groups but no significant difference for magnesium versus placebo.
Double-blind RCT of a multivitamin/mineral (includes magnesium) in healthy men found reduced anxiety and perceived stress versus placebo.
Double-blind RCT of a multivitamin/mineral (includes magnesium) in healthy men found reduced anxiety and perceived stress versus placebo.
In a randomized crossover trial, 2 weeks of 15 g/day wheat dextrin did not affect measured calcium or magnesium absorption in women.
In a randomized crossover trial, 2 weeks of 15 g/day wheat dextrin did not affect measured calcium or magnesium absorption in women.
Perioperative IV magnesium sulfate did not reduce postoperative pain scores or morphine consumption after total knee arthroplasty compared with saline.
Perioperative IV magnesium sulfate did not reduce postoperative pain scores or morphine consumption after total knee arthroplasty compared with saline.
Perioperative IV magnesium sulfate did not reduce postoperative pain scores or morphine consumption after total knee arthroplasty compared with saline.
In abdominal hysterectomy patients, single-dose IV magnesium given before surgery reduced postoperative pain scores, opioid (tramadol) consumption, and periincisional hyperalgesia compared with saline.
Oral magnesium reduced distress from pregnancy-related leg cramps compared with placebo over 3 weeks.
In heart failure patients, oral magnesium raised serum and intracellular Mg and substantially lowered CRP after 5 weeks compared with untreated patients.
Six months of oral magnesium in patients with coronary artery disease raised intracellular Mg, increased exercise duration, reduced exercise-induced chest pain, and improved quality of life.
In coronary artery disease patients, lower intracellular magnesium was associated with higher platelet-dependent thrombosis; apolipoprotein B also correlated positively with thrombosis.
Pretreatment with intravenous potassium/magnesium solution increased cardioversion success rates and lowered the energy required to restore sinus rhythm in patients with persistent AF.
Pretreatment with intravenous potassium/magnesium solution increased cardioversion success rates and lowered the energy required to restore sinus rhythm in patients with persistent AF.
Magnesium-incorporated implant surfaces performed similarly to blasted magnesium-incorporated surfaces for stability and bone loss over 15 months.
Magnesium-incorporated implant surfaces performed similarly to blasted magnesium-incorporated surfaces for stability and bone loss over 15 months.
Magnesium-incorporated implant surfaces performed similarly to blasted magnesium-incorporated surfaces for stability and bone loss over 15 months.
Six weeks of magnesium supplementation did not change muscle magnesium content, strength, or mass compared with placebo; overall improvements were likely due to general care.
Six weeks of magnesium supplementation did not change muscle magnesium content, strength, or mass compared with placebo; overall improvements were likely due to general care.
Perioperative IV magnesium sulfate reduced catheter-related bladder discomfort and decreased some opioid requirements in male patients after laparoscopic GI cancer surgery.
Perioperative IV magnesium sulfate reduced catheter-related bladder discomfort and decreased some opioid requirements in male patients after laparoscopic GI cancer surgery.
Perioperative IV magnesium sulfate reduced catheter-related bladder discomfort and decreased some opioid requirements in male patients after laparoscopic GI cancer surgery.
In this small randomized surgical trial, fixation with biodegradable magnesium screws produced greater functional (Harris) score improvement and better radiologic/ perfusion findings at 6 months than titanium screws or direct embedding.
In this small randomized surgical trial, fixation with biodegradable magnesium screws produced greater functional (Harris) score improvement and better radiologic/ perfusion findings at 6 months than titanium screws or direct embedding.
In this small randomized surgical trial, fixation with biodegradable magnesium screws produced greater functional (Harris) score improvement and better radiologic/ perfusion findings at 6 months than titanium screws or direct embedding.
Oral magnesium (300 mg/day) in hospitalized moderate COVID-19 patients increased serum magnesium, improved oxygenation, reduced need for oxygen therapy, and improved quality of life and depression scores compared with placebo.
In a repeated-measures cohort, higher ambient temperature lowered blood pressure mainly via a direct effect; urinary calcium contributed a very small indirect (mediated) increase in BP per 5°C rise.
In a repeated-measures cohort, higher ambient temperature lowered blood pressure mainly via a direct effect; urinary calcium contributed a very small indirect (mediated) increase in BP per 5°C rise.
In a repeated-measures cohort, higher ambient temperature lowered blood pressure mainly via a direct effect; urinary calcium contributed a very small indirect (mediated) increase in BP per 5°C rise.
Newborns with severe birth asphyxia received IV magnesium sulphate; serum Mg rose into a neuroprotective range with no significant adverse effects on vital signs.
27 CABG patients randomized to cardioplegia with different magnesium concentrations; the 8–10 mmol/L magnesium solution showed better myocardial protection.
27 CABG patients randomized to cardioplegia with different magnesium concentrations; the 8–10 mmol/L magnesium solution showed better myocardial protection.
27 CABG patients randomized to cardioplegia with different magnesium concentrations; the 8–10 mmol/L magnesium solution showed better myocardial protection.
74 overweight middle-aged women received 250 mg Mg/day or placebo for 8 weeks; small within-group changes occurred but no significant benefits versus placebo.
12-month randomized double-blind trial in 28 type 1 diabetics found no group differences in kidney function or most lipids; three treated patients had triglyceride increases.
12-month randomized double-blind trial in 28 type 1 diabetics found no group differences in kidney function or most lipids; three treated patients had triglyceride increases.
In 44 men with moderate-to-severe COPD, an 8-week fortified whey beverage containing 275 mg elemental magnesium improved inflammation, fat-free mass, muscle strength, and respiratory-quality-of-life measures versus control.
In 44 men with moderate-to-severe COPD, an 8-week fortified whey beverage containing 275 mg elemental magnesium improved inflammation, fat-free mass, muscle strength, and respiratory-quality-of-life measures versus control.
In 44 men with moderate-to-severe COPD, an 8-week fortified whey beverage containing 275 mg elemental magnesium improved inflammation, fat-free mass, muscle strength, and respiratory-quality-of-life measures versus control.
In vitamin D–deficient middle-aged women, 8 weeks of weekly 50,000 IU vitamin D plus daily magnesium improved muscle strength and function and raised serum vitamin D.
In 100 CABG patients, postoperative prophylaxis with bisoprolol plus magnesium reduced atrial fibrillation incidence and shortened hospital stay versus control.
Randomized double-blind trial comparing a combined riboflavin/magnesium/feverfew compound to placebo (containing low-dose riboflavin) for 3 months in migraine prevention.
Randomized double-blind trial comparing a combined riboflavin/magnesium/feverfew compound to placebo (containing low-dose riboflavin) for 3 months in migraine prevention.
Thermal mineral water baths (high in calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate) plus usual care improved pain, disability and quality of life in chronic low back pain patients, with effects persisting at follow-up.
Thermal mineral water baths (high in calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate) plus usual care improved pain, disability and quality of life in chronic low back pain patients, with effects persisting at follow-up.
Thermal mineral water baths (high in calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate) plus usual care improved pain, disability and quality of life in chronic low back pain patients, with effects persisting at follow-up.
Perioperative magnesium infusion raised serum magnesium and reduced post-CABG atrial fibrillation incidence in non-diabetic patients.
Hypomagnesemic patients experienced greater decline in kidney function after high-osmolality contrast; magnesium appears protective against contrast-induced nephrotoxicity.
Hypomagnesemic patients experienced greater decline in kidney function after high-osmolality contrast; magnesium appears protective against contrast-induced nephrotoxicity.
Oral magnesium (300 mg/day) for 4 weeks reduced frequency and intensity of pregnancy-related leg cramps compared with placebo.
Oral magnesium (300 mg/day) for 4 weeks reduced frequency and intensity of pregnancy-related leg cramps compared with placebo.
Four weeks of 212 mg/day magnesium oxide raised ionic magnesium but did not change performance or recovery measures in physically active women.
Four weeks of 212 mg/day magnesium oxide raised ionic magnesium but did not change performance or recovery measures in physically active women.
Four weeks of 212 mg/day magnesium oxide raised ionic magnesium but did not change performance or recovery measures in physically active women.
In hypertensive type II diabetics, replacing salt with a substitute containing potassium and magnesium significantly reduced systolic blood pressure after 3 months versus regular salt.
In postoperative cardiac surgery patients, IV magnesium reduced cumulative remifentanil requirements and was associated with lower pain scores at some time points without prolonging extubation time.
In postoperative cardiac surgery patients, IV magnesium reduced cumulative remifentanil requirements and was associated with lower pain scores at some time points without prolonging extubation time.
In postoperative cardiac surgery patients, IV magnesium reduced cumulative remifentanil requirements and was associated with lower pain scores at some time points without prolonging extubation time.
Daily magnesium (350 mg) for 24 weeks reduced arterial stiffness (pulse-wave velocity) in overweight/obese adults without changing blood pressure.
Six weeks of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation in gestational diabetes improved fasting glucose, insulin-related markers and some lipid markers versus placebo.
Patients with diabetic foot ulcers received magnesium plus vitamin E or placebo for 12 weeks; ulcer size and many metabolic/inflammatory markers improved with supplementation.
Six weeks of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation in gestational diabetes improved fasting glucose, insulin-related markers and some lipid markers versus placebo.
Six weeks of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation in gestational diabetes improved fasting glucose, insulin-related markers and some lipid markers versus placebo.
Measured serum magnesium in malnourished and healthy children and found lower Mg in more severe malnutrition and growth retardation.
Preoperative oral magnesium (1,600 mg) was as effective as IV magnesium (2 g) in preventing post-CABG hypomagnesemia and arrhythmia up to 48 hours.
A 2-week application of 56 mg/day transdermal magnesium cream produced a non-significant serum Mg rise overall and a significant serum Mg increase in non-athlete subgroup.
A 2-week application of 56 mg/day transdermal magnesium cream produced a non-significant serum Mg rise overall and a significant serum Mg increase in non-athlete subgroup.
Two months of oral magnesium (300 mg/day) in children with moderate persistent asthma improved bronchial reactivity, reduced skin allergen responses, and improved symptom control versus placebo.
Two months of oral magnesium (300 mg/day) in children with moderate persistent asthma improved bronchial reactivity, reduced skin allergen responses, and improved symptom control versus placebo.
Two months of oral magnesium (300 mg/day) in children with moderate persistent asthma improved bronchial reactivity, reduced skin allergen responses, and improved symptom control versus placebo.
Magnesium-based trigger point injections reduced pain versus waitlist and produced similar pain improvement to lidocaine injections.
Magnesium-based trigger point injections reduced pain versus waitlist and produced similar pain improvement to lidocaine injections.
Adding oral magnesium to NSAID treatment gave greater short-term (day 4) pain and function improvement but no difference at day 10 (final outcome).
Adding oral magnesium to NSAID treatment gave greater short-term (day 4) pain and function improvement but no difference at day 10 (final outcome).
Adding oral magnesium to NSAID treatment gave greater short-term (day 4) pain and function improvement but no difference at day 10 (final outcome).
In people with type 2 diabetes, 2 months of choline and/or magnesium supplementation; combined choline+magnesium improved coagulation markers more than either alone.
In people with type 2 diabetes, 2 months of choline and/or magnesium supplementation; combined choline+magnesium improved coagulation markers more than either alone.
In people with type 2 diabetes, 2 months of choline and/or magnesium supplementation; combined choline+magnesium improved coagulation markers more than either alone.
Oral magnesium (250 mg/day) given per chemotherapy cycle reduced febrile neutropenia episodes and delayed their onset in pediatric solid-tumor patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Oral magnesium (250 mg/day) given per chemotherapy cycle reduced febrile neutropenia episodes and delayed their onset in pediatric solid-tumor patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Oral magnesium (250 mg/day) given per chemotherapy cycle reduced febrile neutropenia episodes and delayed their onset in pediatric solid-tumor patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
In healthy male volunteers, magnesium supplementation during prolonged reduced movement (hypokinesia) was associated with larger decreases in muscle magnesium and increased plasma and excreted magnesium compared with controls.
Daily oral magnesium (350 mg) for 24 weeks lowered 24‑h urinary cortisol and altered cortisol/cortisone and metabolite ratios consistent with increased cortisol inactivation (increased 11β‑HSD2 activity).
Daily oral magnesium (350 mg) for 24 weeks lowered 24‑h urinary cortisol and altered cortisol/cortisone and metabolite ratios consistent with increased cortisol inactivation (increased 11β‑HSD2 activity).
Daily oral magnesium (350 mg) for 24 weeks lowered 24‑h urinary cortisol and altered cortisol/cortisone and metabolite ratios consistent with increased cortisol inactivation (increased 11β‑HSD2 activity).
Potassium‑magnesium citrate corrected thiazide-induced low potassium; higher doses modestly increased serum magnesium and urinary magnesium and dose-dependently raised urinary pH and citrate.
In healthy volunteers on thiazides, potassium-magnesium citrate formulations corrected hypokalemia; two formulations modestly raised serum magnesium and urinary pH/citrate more than the third.
In volunteers on thiazide, potassium-magnesium-citrate prevented magnesium depletion and maintained potassium better than potassium chloride.
Adding EDTA to propofol did not alter ionized magnesium or calcium levels, haemodynamics, or other measured safety labs in cardiac surgery patients.
Adding EDTA to propofol did not alter ionized magnesium or calcium levels, haemodynamics, or other measured safety labs in cardiac surgery patients.
Adding EDTA to propofol did not alter ionized magnesium or calcium levels, haemodynamics, or other measured safety labs in cardiac surgery patients.
In metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving mFOLFOX6, peri-infusion calcium/magnesium did not significantly change oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity, blood/platinum levels, or tumor response compared with placebo.
In metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving mFOLFOX6, peri-infusion calcium/magnesium did not significantly change oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity, blood/platinum levels, or tumor response compared with placebo.
In metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving mFOLFOX6, peri-infusion calcium/magnesium did not significantly change oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity, blood/platinum levels, or tumor response compared with placebo.
Personalized magnesium supplementation (reducing Ca:Mg ratio) changed TMPRSS2 DNA methylation at specific CpG sites in participants <65 years, suggesting potential downregulation of TMPRSS2 expression.
Personalized magnesium supplementation (reducing Ca:Mg ratio) changed TMPRSS2 DNA methylation at specific CpG sites in participants <65 years, suggesting potential downregulation of TMPRSS2 expression.
In hemodialysis patients, low dialysate magnesium (with certain calcium levels) caused marked drops in blood pressure and cardiac performance; increasing dialysate magnesium improved intradialytic stability.
In hemodialysis patients, low dialysate magnesium (with certain calcium levels) caused marked drops in blood pressure and cardiac performance; increasing dialysate magnesium improved intradialytic stability.
In hemodialysis patients, low dialysate magnesium (with certain calcium levels) caused marked drops in blood pressure and cardiac performance; increasing dialysate magnesium improved intradialytic stability.
In pooled T2D trial patients, dapagliflozin increased serum magnesium modestly and a higher proportion of patients corrected baseline hypomagnesemia versus placebo over 24 weeks.
Randomized trial in women with metabolic syndrome: oral magnesium L‑lactate reduced systolic blood pressure and ambulatory heart rate but did not change QTc.
Randomized trial in women with metabolic syndrome: oral magnesium L‑lactate reduced systolic blood pressure and ambulatory heart rate but did not change QTc.
Randomized trial in women with metabolic syndrome: oral magnesium L‑lactate reduced systolic blood pressure and ambulatory heart rate but did not change QTc.
Topical MagPro™ cream did not improve muscle flexibility or endurance compared with placebo in active adults.
Topical MagPro™ cream did not improve muscle flexibility or endurance compared with placebo in active adults.
Chronic oral magnesium (800 mg/day) for 3 months improved small arterial compliance in symptomatic heart failure patients.
Chronic oral magnesium (800 mg/day) for 3 months improved small arterial compliance in symptomatic heart failure patients.
Chronic oral magnesium (800 mg/day) for 3 months improved small arterial compliance in symptomatic heart failure patients.
In healthy donors undergoing leukapheresis, IV magnesium prevented drops in ionized magnesium but did not reduce citrate-related symptoms.
In healthy donors undergoing leukapheresis, IV magnesium prevented drops in ionized magnesium but did not reduce citrate-related symptoms.
In healthy donors undergoing leukapheresis, IV magnesium prevented drops in ionized magnesium but did not reduce citrate-related symptoms.
In a large randomized double-blind trial, IV magnesium before electric cardioversion did not improve success rates or reduce energy/shocks required.
In a large randomized double-blind trial, IV magnesium before electric cardioversion did not improve success rates or reduce energy/shocks required.
In a large randomized double-blind trial, IV magnesium before electric cardioversion did not improve success rates or reduce energy/shocks required.
Erector spinae plane block reduced pain and pain medication use in post-herpetic neuralgia; adding magnesium to the block did not provide extra benefit.
Erector spinae plane block reduced pain and pain medication use in post-herpetic neuralgia; adding magnesium to the block did not provide extra benefit.
Erector spinae plane block reduced pain and pain medication use in post-herpetic neuralgia; adding magnesium to the block did not provide extra benefit.
Case–control study comparing serum minerals between newly diagnosed hemifacial spasm patients and healthy volunteers; reported significant differences in serum calcium, phosphate and magnesium between groups.
Different potassium- and magnesium-containing supplements were given to kidney stone patients for one month and urine markers of stone risk were measured.
In a randomized double-blind crossover trial, diabetics received magnesium or vitamin C to assess effects on blood pressure, glucose and lipids.
In a randomized double-blind crossover trial, diabetics received magnesium or vitamin C to assess effects on blood pressure, glucose and lipids.
In a randomized double-blind crossover trial, diabetics received magnesium or vitamin C to assess effects on blood pressure, glucose and lipids.
Healthy men ingested lactulose with calcium and magnesium tracers; urinary isotope ratios showed increased mineral absorption with lactulose.
Healthy men ingested lactulose with calcium and magnesium tracers; urinary isotope ratios showed increased mineral absorption with lactulose.
Patients with diabetic foot ulcers received magnesium plus vitamin E or placebo for 12 weeks; ulcer size and many metabolic/inflammatory markers improved with supplementation.
High-dose intraoperative magnesium did not reduce the incidence of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.
High-dose intraoperative magnesium did not reduce the incidence of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.
High-dose intraoperative magnesium did not reduce the incidence of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.
In this small repeated-measures secondary analysis, short-term self-reported dietary magnesium intake did not correlate with whole blood ionized or serum magnesium concentrations.
In this small repeated-measures secondary analysis, short-term self-reported dietary magnesium intake did not correlate with whole blood ionized or serum magnesium concentrations.
In controlled metabolic-balance studies of adolescent girls, blacks excreted less urinary magnesium than whites and magnesium retention was higher on a low-sodium diet.
In controlled metabolic-balance studies of adolescent girls, blacks excreted less urinary magnesium than whites and magnesium retention was higher on a low-sodium diet.
Giving magnesium sulfate during cardiopulmonary bypass in children raised ionized magnesium and reduced hypomagnesemia and postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia, with a dose-related effect.
Giving magnesium sulfate during cardiopulmonary bypass in children raised ionized magnesium and reduced hypomagnesemia and postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia, with a dose-related effect.
Giving magnesium sulfate during cardiopulmonary bypass in children raised ionized magnesium and reduced hypomagnesemia and postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia, with a dose-related effect.
Oral magnesium (300 mg/day) in hospitalized moderate COVID-19 patients increased serum magnesium, improved oxygenation, reduced need for oxygen therapy, and improved quality of life and depression scores compared with placebo.
A low-sodium diet in pregnancy reduced magnesium intake but maternal magnesium homeostasis was maintained via reduced urinary excretion.
Infants fed an amino-acid formula maintained normal blood phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium after 16 weeks, including those on acid-suppressive drugs.
Adding 200 mg epidural magnesium to local anaesthetic+steroid reduced leg radicular pain and improved function up to 3 months.
Adding 200 mg epidural magnesium to local anaesthetic+steroid reduced leg radicular pain and improved function up to 3 months.
Double-blind RCT in older adults undergoing EVAR testing intraoperative magnesium infusion versus saline for effects on postoperative sedation, delirium and pain.
Double-blind RCT in older adults undergoing EVAR testing intraoperative magnesium infusion versus saline for effects on postoperative sedation, delirium and pain.
Double-blind RCT in older adults undergoing EVAR testing intraoperative magnesium infusion versus saline for effects on postoperative sedation, delirium and pain.
Adding dried figs increased dietary mineral intake (by recall) but did not change blood mineral concentrations, including magnesium.
Adding dried figs increased dietary mineral intake (by recall) but did not change blood mineral concentrations, including magnesium.
Perioperative magnesium raised serum magnesium and modestly reduced early (day 1) postoperative atrial fibrillation but did not significantly reduce overall AF incidence.
Perioperative magnesium raised serum magnesium and modestly reduced early (day 1) postoperative atrial fibrillation but did not significantly reduce overall AF incidence.
Perioperative magnesium raised serum magnesium and modestly reduced early (day 1) postoperative atrial fibrillation but did not significantly reduce overall AF incidence.
In elderly type 2 diabetics with hypomagnesemia, oral magnesium chloride was as effective as imipramine for depression score improvement and raised serum magnesium markedly.
After 4 weeks indwelling, stents with Hydroplus coating (Percuflex) accumulated more calcium and magnesium and caused worse urinary symptoms compared with Percushield (Tria) and pHreeCoat (InLay Optima) coated stents.
After 4 weeks indwelling, stents with Hydroplus coating (Percuflex) accumulated more calcium and magnesium and caused worse urinary symptoms compared with Percushield (Tria) and pHreeCoat (InLay Optima) coated stents.
After 4 weeks indwelling, stents with Hydroplus coating (Percuflex) accumulated more calcium and magnesium and caused worse urinary symptoms compared with Percushield (Tria) and pHreeCoat (InLay Optima) coated stents.
Oral magnesium (300 mg/day) for 8 weeks improved respiratory muscle strength and clinical score in children/adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
Oral magnesium (300 mg/day) for 8 weeks improved respiratory muscle strength and clinical score in children/adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
Oral magnesium (300 mg/day) for 8 weeks improved respiratory muscle strength and clinical score in children/adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
In patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, magnesium treatment had no effect on cognitive outcomes at ~12 weeks.
In an ED randomized trial, IV magnesium reduced migraine pain similarly to metoclopramide and prochlorperazine at 30 minutes (non-inferior) but patients more often needed rescue analgesia.
In an ED randomized trial, IV magnesium reduced migraine pain similarly to metoclopramide and prochlorperazine at 30 minutes (non-inferior) but patients more often needed rescue analgesia.
In an ED randomized trial, IV magnesium reduced migraine pain similarly to metoclopramide and prochlorperazine at 30 minutes (non-inferior) but patients more often needed rescue analgesia.
Oral magnesium sulfate for 1 month improved constipation symptoms and reduced painful bowel evacuation in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Oral magnesium sulfate for 1 month improved constipation symptoms and reduced painful bowel evacuation in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Oral magnesium sulfate for 1 month improved constipation symptoms and reduced painful bowel evacuation in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Daily 500 mg magnesium oxide for 8 weeks improved serum magnesium normalization rates and produced greater reductions in depression scores than placebo in hypomagnesemic depressed patients.
Daily 500 mg magnesium oxide for 8 weeks improved serum magnesium normalization rates and produced greater reductions in depression scores than placebo in hypomagnesemic depressed patients.
In CABG patients, postoperative magnesium (given alone or with digoxin/propranolol) did not reduce atrial tachyarrhythmias, whereas propranolol did.
Randomized double-blind trial in hemodialysis patients: increasing dialysate magnesium from 1.0 to 2.0 mEq/L for 28 days increased T50 (reduced calcification propensity).
Measured serum magnesium in malnourished and healthy children and found lower Mg in more severe malnutrition and growth retardation.
Measured serum magnesium in malnourished and healthy children and found lower Mg in more severe malnutrition and growth retardation.
Randomized double-blind trial of vitamins A, C, E plus magnesium (ACEMg) vs placebo in cochlear implant patients; a non-significant tendency toward less hearing loss with ACEMg was observed but trial was prematurely discontinued and underpowered.
Randomized double-blind trial of vitamins A, C, E plus magnesium (ACEMg) vs placebo in cochlear implant patients; a non-significant tendency toward less hearing loss with ACEMg was observed but trial was prematurely discontinued and underpowered.
Randomized double-blind trial of vitamins A, C, E plus magnesium (ACEMg) vs placebo in cochlear implant patients; a non-significant tendency toward less hearing loss with ACEMg was observed but trial was prematurely discontinued and underpowered.
In vitamin D–deficient middle-aged women, 8 weeks of weekly 50,000 IU vitamin D plus daily magnesium improved muscle strength and function and raised serum vitamin D.
In vitamin D–deficient middle-aged women, 8 weeks of weekly 50,000 IU vitamin D plus daily magnesium improved muscle strength and function and raised serum vitamin D.
Open-label randomized multicenter study in women with premature labor found IV magnesium sulfate generally well tolerated with mostly mild local and systemic adverse events.
Open-label randomized multicenter study in women with premature labor found IV magnesium sulfate generally well tolerated with mostly mild local and systemic adverse events.
Open-label randomized multicenter study in women with premature labor found IV magnesium sulfate generally well tolerated with mostly mild local and systemic adverse events.
An IV magnesium infusion before anesthesia improved early postoperative recovery scores and physical comfort after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
In hemodialysis patients, 12 weeks of magnesium carbonate reduced phosphate and parathormone and improved calcium-phosphate balance.
In hemodialysis patients, 12 weeks of magnesium carbonate reduced phosphate and parathormone and improved calcium-phosphate balance.
74 overweight middle-aged women received 250 mg Mg/day or placebo for 8 weeks; small within-group changes occurred but no significant benefits versus placebo.
In this birth cohort, higher dairy and higher magnesium (dietary) intakes in early life were associated with modestly lower blood pressure at age 8.
In this birth cohort, higher dairy and higher magnesium (dietary) intakes in early life were associated with modestly lower blood pressure at age 8.
Cross-sectional study of 90 healthy adults found higher drinking-water magnesium and serum Mg associated with lower diastolic BP and relationships with lipids and glucose indices.
In 52 laboring patients, adding 50 mg intrathecal magnesium to fentanyl prolonged median spinal analgesia duration from 60 to 75 minutes without increased side effects.
In this large prospective cohort of women, higher dietary magnesium intake was not significantly associated with lower risk of total cardiovascular disease or coronary heart disease.
In this large prospective cohort of women, higher dietary magnesium intake was not significantly associated with lower risk of total cardiovascular disease or coronary heart disease.
Many symptomatic mitral valve prolapse patients had low serum magnesium; magnesium supplementation markedly reduced symptom count and catecholamine excretion in treated patients.
Many symptomatic mitral valve prolapse patients had low serum magnesium; magnesium supplementation markedly reduced symptom count and catecholamine excretion in treated patients.
Many symptomatic mitral valve prolapse patients had low serum magnesium; magnesium supplementation markedly reduced symptom count and catecholamine excretion in treated patients.
Inhaled magnesium showed no meaningful bronchodilator benefit versus placebo in patients with mild to severe asthma.
Inhaled magnesium showed no meaningful bronchodilator benefit versus placebo in patients with mild to severe asthma.
Inhaled magnesium showed no meaningful bronchodilator benefit versus placebo in patients with mild to severe asthma.
High‑dose oral magnesium for 3 months corrected hypomagnesemia in type II diabetic patients but did not change glycemic control (HbA1c).
28-day magnesium supplementation was associated with reduced nicotine dependence scores and cigarette consumption and raised plasma magnesium in psychiatric smokers.
In 52 men after CABG, daily small-dose beer raised plasma magnesium without obvious liver harm over 30 days.
High‑dose oral magnesium for 3 months corrected hypomagnesemia in type II diabetic patients but did not change glycemic control (HbA1c).
Oral magnesium citrate after immediate dental implant placement improved implant stability, peri-implant radiodensity, reduced horizontal and vertical bone gaps and reduced postoperative pain.
Oral magnesium citrate after immediate dental implant placement improved implant stability, peri-implant radiodensity, reduced horizontal and vertical bone gaps and reduced postoperative pain.
Oral magnesium citrate after immediate dental implant placement improved implant stability, peri-implant radiodensity, reduced horizontal and vertical bone gaps and reduced postoperative pain.
Oral magnesium citrate after immediate dental implant placement improved implant stability, peri-implant radiodensity, reduced horizontal and vertical bone gaps and reduced postoperative pain.
Oral magnesium citrate after immediate dental implant placement improved implant stability, peri-implant radiodensity, reduced horizontal and vertical bone gaps and reduced postoperative pain.
An IV magnesium infusion before anesthesia improved early postoperative recovery scores and physical comfort after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Mothers with idiopathic preterm delivery had much lower intracellular (red blood cell) magnesium levels than mothers with term deliveries.
In middle-aged adults with low urinary magnesium, mineral water high in magnesium (and other minerals) increased urinary magnesium excretion and reduced blood pressure (notably with multi-mineral water C).
In middle-aged adults with low urinary magnesium, mineral water high in magnesium (and other minerals) increased urinary magnesium excretion and reduced blood pressure (notably with multi-mineral water C).
Six weeks of 250 mg/day magnesium oxide in women with gestational diabetes reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression and lowered certain neonatal complications.
Six weeks of 250 mg/day magnesium oxide in women with gestational diabetes reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression and lowered certain neonatal complications.
Six weeks of 250 mg/day magnesium oxide in women with gestational diabetes reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression and lowered certain neonatal complications.
Six weeks of 250 mg/day magnesium oxide in women with gestational diabetes reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression and lowered certain neonatal complications.
In a 16-week randomized double-blind pilot trial, a nutraceutical mix containing magnesium produced significant reductions in several morning blood pressure measures and evening systolic BP versus placebo.
In a 16-week randomized double-blind pilot trial, a nutraceutical mix containing magnesium produced significant reductions in several morning blood pressure measures and evening systolic BP versus placebo.
In a 16-week randomized double-blind pilot trial, a nutraceutical mix containing magnesium produced significant reductions in several morning blood pressure measures and evening systolic BP versus placebo.
Six months of oral magnesium in patients with coronary artery disease raised intracellular Mg, increased exercise duration, reduced exercise-induced chest pain, and improved quality of life.
Six months of oral magnesium in patients with coronary artery disease raised intracellular Mg, increased exercise duration, reduced exercise-induced chest pain, and improved quality of life.
In a secondary analysis of samples from a tocolytic trial, higher umbilical cord ionized magnesium levels were associated with increased pediatric mortality (7 deaths among 82 with Mg levels measured).
In a secondary analysis of samples from a tocolytic trial, higher umbilical cord ionized magnesium levels were associated with increased pediatric mortality (7 deaths among 82 with Mg levels measured).
In 698 adults with high-normal diastolic BP, daily magnesium supplementation (360 mg) did not significantly change blood pressure at 3 or 6 months overall.
In coronary artery bypass patients, adding magnesium to cardioplegia raised postoperative serum magnesium and reduced perioperative ischemic ECG changes and ventricular ectopy.
In coronary artery bypass patients, adding magnesium to cardioplegia raised postoperative serum magnesium and reduced perioperative ischemic ECG changes and ventricular ectopy.
In coronary artery bypass patients, adding magnesium to cardioplegia raised postoperative serum magnesium and reduced perioperative ischemic ECG changes and ventricular ectopy.
Randomized trial where adults with metabolic risk drank Mg-enriched water vs placebo for 4 weeks; MEW showed improvements in metabolic markers and gut microbiome diversity.
Randomized trial where adults with metabolic risk drank Mg-enriched water vs placebo for 4 weeks; MEW showed improvements in metabolic markers and gut microbiome diversity.
Randomized trial where adults with metabolic risk drank Mg-enriched water vs placebo for 4 weeks; MEW showed improvements in metabolic markers and gut microbiome diversity.
Randomized controlled study where high-calcium milk with added magnesium reduced a marker of bone resorption (serum CTX) in postmenopausal women over 4 weeks without changing serum PTH.
Randomized controlled study where high-calcium milk with added magnesium reduced a marker of bone resorption (serum CTX) in postmenopausal women over 4 weeks without changing serum PTH.
Randomized controlled study where high-calcium milk with added magnesium reduced a marker of bone resorption (serum CTX) in postmenopausal women over 4 weeks without changing serum PTH.
Double-blind RCT in 100 moderately stressed adults testing a multi-ingredient supplement containing magnesium; the combined treatment increased EEG resting-state theta after acute social stress.
Study of 28 patients receiving IL-2 therapy showing serum and urinary magnesium fell while lymphocyte magnesium per cell increased during treatment.
Pilot randomized study in 26 prediabetic subjects given oral magnesium (382 mg/day) for 3 months showed no clear anti-inflammatory benefit overall.
Pilot randomized study in 26 prediabetic subjects given oral magnesium (382 mg/day) for 3 months showed no clear anti-inflammatory benefit overall.
Pilot randomized study in 26 prediabetic subjects given oral magnesium (382 mg/day) for 3 months showed no clear anti-inflammatory benefit overall.
Adding magnesium to the bypass prime kept magnesium levels during surgery and reduced potassium loss after surgery in children.
In this randomized placebo-controlled trial of oral magnesium in stable COPD, magnesium supplementation was associated with lower CRP at 6 months but no clear respiratory or functional benefits.
Magnesium treatment did not reduce the risk of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Magnesium treatment did not reduce the risk of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Magnesium treatment did not reduce the risk of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
A short (1-h) magnesium-loading test performs like the 8-h standard; magnesium treatment reduced percentage retention and correlated with bone magnesium.
A short (1-h) magnesium-loading test performs like the 8-h standard; magnesium treatment reduced percentage retention and correlated with bone magnesium.
A short (1-h) magnesium-loading test performs like the 8-h standard; magnesium treatment reduced percentage retention and correlated with bone magnesium.
In 400 CABG patients randomized to cardioplegia with or without magnesium, magnesium reduced intra- and postoperative arrhythmias, notably lowering new postoperative atrial fibrillation in urgent cases.
In 400 CABG patients randomized to cardioplegia with or without magnesium, magnesium reduced intra- and postoperative arrhythmias, notably lowering new postoperative atrial fibrillation in urgent cases.
In 96 hypertensive patients, changes in serum magnesium and the Ca/Mg ratio during ACE inhibitor therapy were associated with changes in insulin sensitivity and triglycerides.
In a randomized double‑blind trial of 28 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, adding oral magnesium to steroids increased the rate and magnitude of hearing improvement, especially at low frequencies.
In a randomized double‑blind trial of 28 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, adding oral magnesium to steroids increased the rate and magnitude of hearing improvement, especially at low frequencies.
Intraoperative IV magnesium raised serum magnesium and reduced clot firmness on ROTEM, indicating reduced postoperative hypercoagulability.
Higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in adults at high cardiovascular risk.
Daily 200 mg magnesium (as MgO) plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for one menstrual cycle produced a small reduction in anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms in women.
Randomized double-blind crossover trial in 85 women testing magnesium vs sorbitol placebo for premenstrual symptoms; sorbitol unexpectedly reduced symptoms.
Daily 200 mg magnesium (as MgO) plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for one menstrual cycle produced a small reduction in anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms in women.
IV magnesium sulfate infusion raised CSF magnesium modestly (sustained for days) in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.
Perioperative IV magnesium improved 24‑hour quality of recovery and reduced post-discharge oral opioid use after outpatient segmental mastectomy.
Perioperative IV magnesium improved 24‑hour quality of recovery and reduced post-discharge oral opioid use after outpatient segmental mastectomy.
In post-cardiac surgery patients, using ionized magnesium measurement instead of total magnesium did not change arrhythmia rates or amount of magnesium given.
In post-cardiac surgery patients, using ionized magnesium measurement instead of total magnesium did not change arrhythmia rates or amount of magnesium given.
In patients undergoing double-contrast barium enema, addition of magnesium improved barium mucosal coating beyond viscosity effects.
In patients undergoing double-contrast barium enema, addition of magnesium improved barium mucosal coating beyond viscosity effects.
A small randomized pilot found degradable magnesium alloy screws produced clinical and radiographic outcomes equivalent to titanium screws at 6 months.
A small randomized pilot found degradable magnesium alloy screws produced clinical and radiographic outcomes equivalent to titanium screws at 6 months.
Oral magnesium did not prevent acute mountain sickness; intravenous magnesium modestly reduced symptom scores in established AMS but with limited clinical importance and notable side effects.
Oral magnesium did not prevent acute mountain sickness; intravenous magnesium modestly reduced symptom scores in established AMS but with limited clinical importance and notable side effects.
Oral magnesium did not prevent acute mountain sickness; intravenous magnesium modestly reduced symptom scores in established AMS but with limited clinical importance and notable side effects.
A low-sodium, high-potassium diet improved several mood measures versus a DASH-type diet; higher urinary magnesium showed weak associations with increased vigour and lower fatigue.
A low-sodium, high-potassium diet improved several mood measures versus a DASH-type diet; higher urinary magnesium showed weak associations with increased vigour and lower fatigue.
In borderline hypertensive adults, switching from low to high dietary sodium changed serum electrolytes and renal filtration but did not alter blood pressure.
In volunteers on thiazide, potassium-magnesium-citrate prevented magnesium depletion and maintained potassium better than potassium chloride.
One month of oral magnesium lactate increased 24 h urinary magnesium but did not alter plasma, red cell, muscle or brain intracellular free magnesium measures in healthy men.
One month of oral magnesium lactate increased 24 h urinary magnesium but did not alter plasma, red cell, muscle or brain intracellular free magnesium measures in healthy men.
Doubling magnesium intake for 28 days increased urinary and erythrocyte magnesium but did not change serum minerals, bone turnover markers, or blood pressure in healthy young women.
Doubling magnesium intake for 28 days increased urinary and erythrocyte magnesium but did not change serum minerals, bone turnover markers, or blood pressure in healthy young women.
Five years of 300 mg/day magnesium normalized erythrocyte Mg and slowed or reversed progression of peripheral neuropathy compared with controls.
Five years of 300 mg/day magnesium normalized erythrocyte Mg and slowed or reversed progression of peripheral neuropathy compared with controls.
Changes in skeletal muscle magnesium were inversely associated with changes in fasting plasma glucose during antihypertensive treatment.
Changes in skeletal muscle magnesium were inversely associated with changes in fasting plasma glucose during antihypertensive treatment.
Changes in skeletal muscle magnesium were inversely associated with changes in fasting plasma glucose during antihypertensive treatment.
Intra-articular magnesium plus ropivacaine during knee replacement reduced postoperative morphine use and early pain scores and sped early functional milestones.
Intra-articular magnesium plus ropivacaine during knee replacement reduced postoperative morphine use and early pain scores and sped early functional milestones.
Intra-articular magnesium plus ropivacaine during knee replacement reduced postoperative morphine use and early pain scores and sped early functional milestones.
Drinking a sulphate- and magnesium-rich mineral water led to faster and more frequent treatment responses for functional constipation than low-mineral water.
Drinking a sulphate- and magnesium-rich mineral water led to faster and more frequent treatment responses for functional constipation than low-mineral water.
Intra-aortic magnesium given during aortic cross-clamping did not change postoperative renal function compared with saline.
Intra-aortic magnesium given during aortic cross-clamping did not change postoperative renal function compared with saline.
Crossover study testing mineral waters high vs low in calcium and magnesium; calcium- and magnesium-rich water more effectively reduced urinary risk factors for calcium oxalate stones.
Crossover study testing mineral waters high vs low in calcium and magnesium; calcium- and magnesium-rich water more effectively reduced urinary risk factors for calcium oxalate stones.
Magnesium plus vitamin E for 12 weeks reduced hirsutism and inflammation markers and increased nitric oxide and antioxidant capacity in women with PCOS.
An IV magnesium infusion before anesthesia improved early postoperative recovery scores and physical comfort after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
In EDTA chelation-treated patients, urinary magnesium excretion decreased (indicating magnesium retention) while blood lead fell substantially.
In a double-blind crossover trial, oral magnesium did not reduce number, duration, severity, or sleep disturbance from nocturnal leg cramps compared with placebo.
Pilot randomized trial testing hawthorn and magnesium (600 mg) found declines in blood pressure across groups but no significant difference for magnesium versus placebo.
Hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy had lower intracellular magnesium and reduced insulin-stimulated intracellular magnesium accumulation linked to insulin resistance.
Hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy had lower intracellular magnesium and reduced insulin-stimulated intracellular magnesium accumulation linked to insulin resistance.
Hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy had lower intracellular magnesium and reduced insulin-stimulated intracellular magnesium accumulation linked to insulin resistance.
In patients with acute anterior MI, early magnesium infusion did not produce significant improvement in regional wall motion compared with control; nicorandil did.
In 65 children undergoing strabismus surgery, intraoperative magnesium did not reduce emergence delirium or postoperative pain but lowered emergence diastolic and mean blood pressure.
In 65 children undergoing strabismus surgery, intraoperative magnesium did not reduce emergence delirium or postoperative pain but lowered emergence diastolic and mean blood pressure.
In 65 children undergoing strabismus surgery, intraoperative magnesium did not reduce emergence delirium or postoperative pain but lowered emergence diastolic and mean blood pressure.
In 24 healthy volunteers, two antacids (one containing magnesium carbonate) produced short-lasting increases in stomach pH versus no drug; the liquid formulation had a faster onset.
In 24 healthy volunteers, two antacids (one containing magnesium carbonate) produced short-lasting increases in stomach pH versus no drug; the liquid formulation had a faster onset.
In 698 adults with high-normal diastolic BP, daily magnesium supplementation (360 mg) did not significantly change blood pressure at 3 or 6 months overall.
In 55 African‑American adults with acute asthma, baseline ionized magnesium was slightly lower and Ca/Mg ratio higher versus controls; IV magnesium corrected all abnormal divalent ion levels.
In 55 African‑American adults with acute asthma, baseline ionized magnesium was slightly lower and Ca/Mg ratio higher versus controls; IV magnesium corrected all abnormal divalent ion levels.
In 55 African‑American adults with acute asthma, baseline ionized magnesium was slightly lower and Ca/Mg ratio higher versus controls; IV magnesium corrected all abnormal divalent ion levels.
Giving magnesium sulfate to women with severe preeclampsia did not prevent eclampsia and was associated with more C‑sections and more babies with low Apgar scores.
Giving magnesium sulfate to women with severe preeclampsia did not prevent eclampsia and was associated with more C‑sections and more babies with low Apgar scores.
Giving magnesium sulfate to women with severe preeclampsia did not prevent eclampsia and was associated with more C‑sections and more babies with low Apgar scores.
One-year calcium supplementation in lactating Gambian women did not change urinary magnesium excretion or iron/zinc blood markers.
One-year calcium supplementation in lactating Gambian women did not change urinary magnesium excretion or iron/zinc blood markers.
Meta-analysis of randomized trials reported a small survival benefit in blinded trials but no effect in a large unblinded multicentre trial for IV magnesium in acute MI.
Meta-analysis of randomized trials reported a small survival benefit in blinded trials but no effect in a large unblinded multicentre trial for IV magnesium in acute MI.
IV magnesium given after cardiac surgery inhibited platelet function and prolonged bleeding time compared with saline.
In haemodialysis patients, a calcium–magnesium phosphate binder lowered serum phosphorus as effectively as sevelamer, modestly increased serum magnesium, and reduced iPTH.
In haemodialysis patients, a calcium–magnesium phosphate binder lowered serum phosphorus as effectively as sevelamer, modestly increased serum magnesium, and reduced iPTH.
In haemodialysis patients, a calcium–magnesium phosphate binder lowered serum phosphorus as effectively as sevelamer, modestly increased serum magnesium, and reduced iPTH.
A 3-month double-blind RCT found the plant-extracts-plus-magnesium tablet reduced anxiety more than placebo.
A 3-month double-blind RCT found the plant-extracts-plus-magnesium tablet reduced anxiety more than placebo.
A 3-month double-blind RCT found the plant-extracts-plus-magnesium tablet reduced anxiety more than placebo.
In a randomized pilot of hemodialysis patients, magnesium carbonate controlled serum phosphorus similarly to calcium acetate while substantially lowering elemental calcium intake.
In a randomized pilot of hemodialysis patients, magnesium carbonate controlled serum phosphorus similarly to calcium acetate while substantially lowering elemental calcium intake.
In a randomized pilot of hemodialysis patients, magnesium carbonate controlled serum phosphorus similarly to calcium acetate while substantially lowering elemental calcium intake.
250 mg magnesium oxide daily for 8 weeks in women with PCOS modestly reduced BMI and prevented waist increase; increased LH and DHEA; no effect on glycemic or lipid profiles.
250 mg magnesium oxide daily for 8 weeks in women with PCOS modestly reduced BMI and prevented waist increase; increased LH and DHEA; no effect on glycemic or lipid profiles.
250 mg magnesium oxide daily for 8 weeks in women with PCOS modestly reduced BMI and prevented waist increase; increased LH and DHEA; no effect on glycemic or lipid profiles.
250 mg magnesium oxide daily for 8 weeks in women with PCOS modestly reduced BMI and prevented waist increase; increased LH and DHEA; no effect on glycemic or lipid profiles.
250 mg magnesium oxide daily for 8 weeks in women with PCOS modestly reduced BMI and prevented waist increase; increased LH and DHEA; no effect on glycemic or lipid profiles.
Perioperative IV magnesium increased serum magnesium but did not raise CSF magnesium or reduce postoperative analgesic use or pain after hysterectomy.
Perioperative IV magnesium increased serum magnesium but did not raise CSF magnesium or reduce postoperative analgesic use or pain after hysterectomy.
Magnesium as an anesthetic supplement modestly affected postoperative sensory thresholds but did not change pain scores or opioid consumption after hysterectomy.
Magnesium as an anesthetic supplement modestly affected postoperative sensory thresholds but did not change pain scores or opioid consumption after hysterectomy.
In borderline hypertensive adults, switching from low to high dietary sodium changed serum electrolytes and renal filtration but did not alter blood pressure.
Randomized controlled 90-day trial: daily 400 mg magnesium supplementation increased HRV (parasympathetic markers) and reduced stress indices versus control.
Randomized controlled 90-day trial: daily 400 mg magnesium supplementation increased HRV (parasympathetic markers) and reduced stress indices versus control.
Randomized controlled 90-day trial: daily 400 mg magnesium supplementation increased HRV (parasympathetic markers) and reduced stress indices versus control.
Randomized controlled 90-day trial: daily 400 mg magnesium supplementation increased HRV (parasympathetic markers) and reduced stress indices versus control.
Six months of oral magnesium improved endothelial function and exercise tolerance in patients with stable coronary artery disease compared with placebo.
Mothers with idiopathic preterm delivery had much lower intracellular (red blood cell) magnesium levels than mothers with term deliveries.
Mothers with idiopathic preterm delivery had much lower intracellular (red blood cell) magnesium levels than mothers with term deliveries.
Intraoperative magnesium infusion reduced episodes of hypertension and improved peripheral microcirculation during cardiac revascularization.
Intraoperative magnesium infusion reduced episodes of hypertension and improved peripheral microcirculation during cardiac revascularization.
Intraoperative magnesium infusion reduced episodes of hypertension and improved peripheral microcirculation during cardiac revascularization.
IV magnesium sulphate 64 mmol/day achieved target serum magnesium (1.0-2.0 mmol/L) in most SAH patients with few discontinuations due to side effects.
IV magnesium sulphate 64 mmol/day achieved target serum magnesium (1.0-2.0 mmol/L) in most SAH patients with few discontinuations due to side effects.
Magnesium sulphate added during bowel prep improved barium mucosal coating during double-contrast barium enema compared with sodium sulfate.
Magnesium sulphate added during bowel prep improved barium mucosal coating during double-contrast barium enema compared with sodium sulfate.
Magnesium sulphate added during bowel prep improved barium mucosal coating during double-contrast barium enema compared with sodium sulfate.
Giving IV magnesium during cardiac surgery did not reduce postoperative cognitive problems.
Giving IV magnesium during cardiac surgery did not reduce postoperative cognitive problems.
Giving IV magnesium during cardiac surgery did not reduce postoperative cognitive problems.
IV magnesium given after cardiac surgery inhibited platelet function and prolonged bleeding time compared with saline.
IV magnesium given after cardiac surgery inhibited platelet function and prolonged bleeding time compared with saline.
Intraoperative IV magnesium reduced the risk of postoperative neurocognitive decline after carotid endarterectomy, especially at low dose.
A two-week magnesium-alginate treatment decreased regurgitation symptoms in infants similarly to thickened formula and at slightly lower direct cost.
A two-week magnesium-alginate treatment decreased regurgitation symptoms in infants similarly to thickened formula and at slightly lower direct cost.
Continuous IV magnesium infusion to target serum levels reduced new-onset atrial fibrillation after off-pump CABG and raised serum magnesium.
Continuous IV magnesium infusion to target serum levels reduced new-onset atrial fibrillation after off-pump CABG and raised serum magnesium.
Continuous IV magnesium infusion to target serum levels reduced new-onset atrial fibrillation after off-pump CABG and raised serum magnesium.
Randomized study comparing IV glutamine versus calcium/magnesium infusions during platinum chemotherapy; neither prevented neuropathy, but glutamine reduced severity in symptomatic patients.
Randomized study comparing IV glutamine versus calcium/magnesium infusions during platinum chemotherapy; neither prevented neuropathy, but glutamine reduced severity in symptomatic patients.
Among 224 postmenopausal women given vitamin D and calcium, whole-body bone density and T-scores decreased over 2 years; zinc supplementation effects depended on baseline zinc intake.
Daily 200 mg magnesium for two cycles reduced fluid-retention-related premenstrual symptoms in the second month of supplementation.
Daily 200 mg magnesium for two cycles reduced fluid-retention-related premenstrual symptoms in the second month of supplementation.
In 100 cardiac surgery patients, perioperative IV magnesium raised serum Mg and substantially reduced ventricular tachyarrhythmias and early CK-MB release.
In 100 cardiac surgery patients, perioperative IV magnesium raised serum Mg and substantially reduced ventricular tachyarrhythmias and early CK-MB release.
In 96 hypertensive patients, changes in serum magnesium and the Ca/Mg ratio during ACE inhibitor therapy were associated with changes in insulin sensitivity and triglycerides.
Low-dose creatine increased work during bench-press fatigue sets; magnesium‑creatine chelate performed similarly to creatine alone and did not change one‑rep max.
Low-dose creatine increased work during bench-press fatigue sets; magnesium‑creatine chelate performed similarly to creatine alone and did not change one‑rep max.
High-dose IV magnesium after MI blunted early complement consumption, suggesting modulation of the post-infarction inflammatory response.
High-dose IV magnesium after MI blunted early complement consumption, suggesting modulation of the post-infarction inflammatory response.
High-dose IV magnesium after MI blunted early complement consumption, suggesting modulation of the post-infarction inflammatory response.
In patients with hypertension, the muscle calcium-to-magnesium ratio related to blood pressure response to antihypertensive therapy.
In patients with hypertension, the muscle calcium-to-magnesium ratio related to blood pressure response to antihypertensive therapy.
High-dose magnesium given during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest did not significantly improve return of circulation or survival to discharge.
High-dose magnesium given during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest did not significantly improve return of circulation or survival to discharge.
Adding 50 mg magnesium to caudal ropivacaine in children did not change postoperative pain or analgesic needs.
Adding 50 mg magnesium to caudal ropivacaine in children did not change postoperative pain or analgesic needs.
Adding 50 mg magnesium to caudal ropivacaine in children did not change postoperative pain or analgesic needs.
In 21 postmenopausal women, high-calcium drinks reduced bone resorption markers; adding magnesium produced no distinguishable additional effect.
In 21 postmenopausal women, high-calcium drinks reduced bone resorption markers; adding magnesium produced no distinguishable additional effect.
Oral magnesium plus potassium for 3 weeks produced a moderate but significant reduction in ventricular premature beats in patients with frequent ventricular arrhythmias.
Oral magnesium plus potassium for 3 weeks produced a moderate but significant reduction in ventricular premature beats in patients with frequent ventricular arrhythmias.
During surgery plasma magnesium fell; low magnesium levels were associated with prolongation of some atracurium recovery phases.
In term neonates with perinatal asphyxia, postnatal magnesium sulfate infusion improved short-term neurological outcomes at discharge versus placebo.
In term neonates with perinatal asphyxia, postnatal magnesium sulfate infusion improved short-term neurological outcomes at discharge versus placebo.
In postmenopausal women, a low-magnesium diet lowered magnesium measures and increased supraventricular (and combined supraventricular+ventricular) ectopic beats on Holter monitoring.
In postmenopausal women, a low-magnesium diet lowered magnesium measures and increased supraventricular (and combined supraventricular+ventricular) ectopic beats on Holter monitoring.
In postmenopausal women, a low-magnesium diet lowered magnesium measures and increased supraventricular (and combined supraventricular+ventricular) ectopic beats on Holter monitoring.
28-day magnesium supplementation was associated with reduced nicotine dependence scores and cigarette consumption and raised plasma magnesium in psychiatric smokers.
28-day magnesium supplementation was associated with reduced nicotine dependence scores and cigarette consumption and raised plasma magnesium in psychiatric smokers.
Adding magnesium to levobupivacaine reduced postoperative pain scores and analgesic needs in children after tonsillectomy.
Adding magnesium to levobupivacaine reduced postoperative pain scores and analgesic needs in children after tonsillectomy.
Adding magnesium to levobupivacaine reduced postoperative pain scores and analgesic needs in children after tonsillectomy.
Feeding preterm infants a nutrient-enriched formula normalized plasma zinc by 2 months past term without disrupting overall mineral homeostasis.
Feeding preterm infants a nutrient-enriched formula normalized plasma zinc by 2 months past term without disrupting overall mineral homeostasis.
In 52 men after CABG, daily small-dose beer raised plasma magnesium without obvious liver harm over 30 days.
Adding intrathecal and epidural magnesium to spinal anesthesia for lower-extremity surgery reduced perioperative analgesic needs and prolonged anesthesia.
Adding intrathecal and epidural magnesium to spinal anesthesia for lower-extremity surgery reduced perioperative analgesic needs and prolonged anesthesia.
Adding intrathecal and epidural magnesium to spinal anesthesia for lower-extremity surgery reduced perioperative analgesic needs and prolonged anesthesia.
Six months of oral magnesium improved endothelial function and exercise tolerance in patients with stable coronary artery disease compared with placebo.
Six months of oral magnesium improved endothelial function and exercise tolerance in patients with stable coronary artery disease compared with placebo.
Intraoperative measurement-guided correction of ionized magnesium reduced early postoperative ventricular arrhythmias after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Intraoperative measurement-guided correction of ionized magnesium reduced early postoperative ventricular arrhythmias after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Magnesium given before reperfusion shortened post-reperfusion syndrome and shifted cytokine responses toward a Th2 profile in liver transplant patients.
Magnesium given before reperfusion shortened post-reperfusion syndrome and shifted cytokine responses toward a Th2 profile in liver transplant patients.
Continuous magnesium infusion after cardiopulmonary bypass lowered postoperative arrhythmias and kept blood magnesium levels higher than placebo.
Preoperative oral magnesium (1,600 mg) was as effective as IV magnesium (2 g) in preventing post-CABG hypomagnesemia and arrhythmia up to 48 hours.
Continuous magnesium infusion after cardiopulmonary bypass lowered postoperative arrhythmias and kept blood magnesium levels higher than placebo.
In heart failure patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias, intravenous magnesium significantly reduced ectopic beats and nonsustained VT episodes.
In heart failure patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias, intravenous magnesium significantly reduced ectopic beats and nonsustained VT episodes.
Four weeks of oral magnesium increased urinary magnesium and lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and improved some lipid markers compared with placebo.
Higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) over 12 months in non-diabetic adults with metabolic syndrome.
Intravenous magnesium sulfate was superior to amiodarone for converting acute atrial tachyarrhythmias to sinus rhythm over 24 hours in critically ill patients.
Intravenous magnesium sulfate was superior to amiodarone for converting acute atrial tachyarrhythmias to sinus rhythm over 24 hours in critically ill patients.
In type 2 diabetics, high-dose oral magnesium oxide (41.4 mmol/day) for 30 days slightly lowered fructosamine; lower dose and placebo showed no change.
In type 2 diabetics, high-dose oral magnesium oxide (41.4 mmol/day) for 30 days slightly lowered fructosamine; lower dose and placebo showed no change.
In type 2 diabetics, high-dose oral magnesium oxide (41.4 mmol/day) for 30 days slightly lowered fructosamine; lower dose and placebo showed no change.
In type 2 diabetics, combined minerals + vitamins (including Mg+Zn) for 3 months lowered systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure; Mg+Zn alone did not.
In hemodialysis patients, a magnesium-containing phosphate binder raised serum magnesium and was associated with more radiographic improvements and a non-significant trend toward less progression of arterial calcifications.
In hemodialysis patients, a magnesium-containing phosphate binder raised serum magnesium and was associated with more radiographic improvements and a non-significant trend toward less progression of arterial calcifications.
Intravenous magnesium sulfate during lumbar discectomy reduced estimated blood loss and improved surgical field conditions compared with placebo.
Intravenous magnesium sulfate during lumbar discectomy reduced estimated blood loss and improved surgical field conditions compared with placebo.
Intravenous magnesium sulfate during lumbar discectomy reduced estimated blood loss and improved surgical field conditions compared with placebo.
In type 2 diabetic patients, combined mineral (Mg+Zn) plus vitamins C+E increased HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 over 3 months; Mg+Zn alone showed no significant changes.
In type 2 diabetic patients, combined mineral (Mg+Zn) plus vitamins C+E increased HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 over 3 months; Mg+Zn alone showed no significant changes.
In coronary artery disease patients, lower intracellular magnesium was associated with higher platelet-dependent thrombosis; apolipoprotein B also correlated positively with thrombosis.
In hypertensive patients, oral magnesium (20 mmol/day) produced small but statistically significant reductions in office, home, and 24‑hour blood pressures versus control.
In hypertensive patients, oral magnesium (20 mmol/day) produced small but statistically significant reductions in office, home, and 24‑hour blood pressures versus control.
In abdominal hysterectomy patients, single-dose IV magnesium given before surgery reduced postoperative pain scores, opioid (tramadol) consumption, and periincisional hyperalgesia compared with saline.
In abdominal hysterectomy patients, single-dose IV magnesium given before surgery reduced postoperative pain scores, opioid (tramadol) consumption, and periincisional hyperalgesia compared with saline.
Randomized double-blind crossover trial in 85 women testing magnesium vs sorbitol placebo for premenstrual symptoms; sorbitol unexpectedly reduced symptoms.